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Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?

The links between microorganisms/viruses and autoimmunity are complex and multidirectional. A huge number of studies demonstrated the triggering impact of microbes and viruses as the major environmental factors on the autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, growing evidences suggest that infe...

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Autores principales: Lerner, Aaron, Arleevskaya, Marina, Schmiedl, Andreas, Matthias, Torsten
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5539691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01392
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author Lerner, Aaron
Arleevskaya, Marina
Schmiedl, Andreas
Matthias, Torsten
author_facet Lerner, Aaron
Arleevskaya, Marina
Schmiedl, Andreas
Matthias, Torsten
author_sort Lerner, Aaron
collection PubMed
description The links between microorganisms/viruses and autoimmunity are complex and multidirectional. A huge number of studies demonstrated the triggering impact of microbes and viruses as the major environmental factors on the autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, growing evidences suggest that infectious agents can also play a protective role or even abrogate these processes. This protective crosstalk between microbes/viruses and us might represent a mutual beneficial equilibrium relationship between two cohabiting ecosystems. The protective pathways might involve post-translational modification of proteins, decreased intestinal permeability, Th1 to Th2 immune shift, induction of apoptosis, auto-aggressive cells relocation from the target organ, immunosuppressive extracellular vesicles and down regulation of auto-reactive cells by the microbial derived proteins. Our analysis demonstrates that the interaction of the microorganisms/viruses and celiac disease (CD) is always a set of multidirectional processes. A deeper inquiry into the CD interplay with Herpes viruses and Helicobacter pylori demonstrates that the role of these infections, suggested to be potential CD protectors, is not as controversial as for the other infectious agents. The outcome of these interactions might be due to a balance between these multidirectional processes.
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spelling pubmed-55396912017-08-18 Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes? Lerner, Aaron Arleevskaya, Marina Schmiedl, Andreas Matthias, Torsten Front Microbiol Microbiology The links between microorganisms/viruses and autoimmunity are complex and multidirectional. A huge number of studies demonstrated the triggering impact of microbes and viruses as the major environmental factors on the autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, growing evidences suggest that infectious agents can also play a protective role or even abrogate these processes. This protective crosstalk between microbes/viruses and us might represent a mutual beneficial equilibrium relationship between two cohabiting ecosystems. The protective pathways might involve post-translational modification of proteins, decreased intestinal permeability, Th1 to Th2 immune shift, induction of apoptosis, auto-aggressive cells relocation from the target organ, immunosuppressive extracellular vesicles and down regulation of auto-reactive cells by the microbial derived proteins. Our analysis demonstrates that the interaction of the microorganisms/viruses and celiac disease (CD) is always a set of multidirectional processes. A deeper inquiry into the CD interplay with Herpes viruses and Helicobacter pylori demonstrates that the role of these infections, suggested to be potential CD protectors, is not as controversial as for the other infectious agents. The outcome of these interactions might be due to a balance between these multidirectional processes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5539691/ /pubmed/28824555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01392 Text en Copyright © 2017 Lerner, Arleevskaya, Schmiedl and Matthias. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Lerner, Aaron
Arleevskaya, Marina
Schmiedl, Andreas
Matthias, Torsten
Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?
title Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?
title_full Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?
title_fullStr Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?
title_full_unstemmed Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?
title_short Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?
title_sort microbes and viruses are bugging the gut in celiac disease. are they friends or foes?
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5539691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01392
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