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Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral impairment in social interactions. Although theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that impairment in the social brain network could be the neural underpinnings of ASD, previous structural magnetic reson...

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Autores principales: Sato, Wataru, Kochiyama, Takanori, Uono, Shota, Yoshimura, Sayaka, Kubota, Yasutaka, Sawada, Reiko, Sakihama, Morimitsu, Toichi, Motomi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824399
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00395
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author Sato, Wataru
Kochiyama, Takanori
Uono, Shota
Yoshimura, Sayaka
Kubota, Yasutaka
Sawada, Reiko
Sakihama, Morimitsu
Toichi, Motomi
author_facet Sato, Wataru
Kochiyama, Takanori
Uono, Shota
Yoshimura, Sayaka
Kubota, Yasutaka
Sawada, Reiko
Sakihama, Morimitsu
Toichi, Motomi
author_sort Sato, Wataru
collection PubMed
description Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral impairment in social interactions. Although theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that impairment in the social brain network could be the neural underpinnings of ASD, previous structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in adults with ASD have not provided clear support for this, possibly due to confounding factors, such as language impairments. To further explore this issue, we acquired structural MRI data and analyzed gray matter volume in adults with ASD (n = 36) who had no language impairments (diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, with symptoms milder than those of Asperger’s disorder), had no comorbidity, and were not taking medications, and in age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (n = 36). Univariate voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that regional gray matter volume was lower in the ASD than in the control group in several brain regions, including the right inferior occipital gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral amygdala, right inferior frontal gyrus, right orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. A multivariate approach using a partial least squares (PLS) method showed that these regions constituted a network that could be used to discriminate between the ASD and TD groups. A PLS discriminant analysis using information from these regions showed high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision (>80%) in discriminating between the groups. These results suggest that reduced gray matter volume in the social brain network represents the neural underpinnings of behavioral social malfunctioning in adults with ASD.
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spelling pubmed-55430912017-08-18 Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Sato, Wataru Kochiyama, Takanori Uono, Shota Yoshimura, Sayaka Kubota, Yasutaka Sawada, Reiko Sakihama, Morimitsu Toichi, Motomi Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral impairment in social interactions. Although theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that impairment in the social brain network could be the neural underpinnings of ASD, previous structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in adults with ASD have not provided clear support for this, possibly due to confounding factors, such as language impairments. To further explore this issue, we acquired structural MRI data and analyzed gray matter volume in adults with ASD (n = 36) who had no language impairments (diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, with symptoms milder than those of Asperger’s disorder), had no comorbidity, and were not taking medications, and in age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (n = 36). Univariate voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that regional gray matter volume was lower in the ASD than in the control group in several brain regions, including the right inferior occipital gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral amygdala, right inferior frontal gyrus, right orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. A multivariate approach using a partial least squares (PLS) method showed that these regions constituted a network that could be used to discriminate between the ASD and TD groups. A PLS discriminant analysis using information from these regions showed high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision (>80%) in discriminating between the groups. These results suggest that reduced gray matter volume in the social brain network represents the neural underpinnings of behavioral social malfunctioning in adults with ASD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5543091/ /pubmed/28824399 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00395 Text en Copyright © 2017 Sato, Kochiyama, Uono, Yoshimura, Kubota, Sawada, Sakihama and Toichi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Sato, Wataru
Kochiyama, Takanori
Uono, Shota
Yoshimura, Sayaka
Kubota, Yasutaka
Sawada, Reiko
Sakihama, Morimitsu
Toichi, Motomi
Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
title Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_fullStr Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_short Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_sort reduced gray matter volume in the social brain network in adults with autism spectrum disorder
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824399
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00395
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