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Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice

BACKGROUND: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading antecedent infection to the autoimmune neuropathy Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is accompanied by an autoimmune anti-ganglioside antibody attack on peripheral nerves. Previously, we showed that contrasting immune responses mediate C. jejuni indu...

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Autores principales: Brooks, Phillip T., Brakel, Kelsey A., Bell, Julia A., Bejcek, Christopher E., Gilpin, Trey, Brudvig, Jean M., Mansfield, Linda S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5547673/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28789710
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0284-4
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author Brooks, Phillip T.
Brakel, Kelsey A.
Bell, Julia A.
Bejcek, Christopher E.
Gilpin, Trey
Brudvig, Jean M.
Mansfield, Linda S.
author_facet Brooks, Phillip T.
Brakel, Kelsey A.
Bell, Julia A.
Bejcek, Christopher E.
Gilpin, Trey
Brudvig, Jean M.
Mansfield, Linda S.
author_sort Brooks, Phillip T.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading antecedent infection to the autoimmune neuropathy Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is accompanied by an autoimmune anti-ganglioside antibody attack on peripheral nerves. Previously, we showed that contrasting immune responses mediate C. jejuni induced colitis and autoimmunity in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice, dependent upon the infecting strain. Strains from colitis patients elicited T helper 1 (T(H)1)-dependent inflammatory responses while strains from GBS patients elicited T(H)2-dependent autoantibody production. Both syndromes were exacerbated by antibiotic depletion of the microbiota, but other factors controlling susceptibility to GBS are unknown. METHODS: Using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, we examined whether structure of the gut microbial community alters host (1) gastrointestinal inflammation or (2) anti-ganglioside antibody responses after infection with C. jejuni strains from colitis or GBS patients. We compared these responses in C57BL/6 mice with either (1) stable human gut microbiota ((Hu)microbiota) transplants or (2) conventional mouse microbiota ((Conv)microbiota). RESULTS: Inoculating germ-free C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice with a mixed human fecal slurry provided a murine model that stably passed its microbiota over >20 generations. Mice were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) facilities, while extra precautions of having caretakers wear sterile garb along with limited access ensured that no mouse pathogens were acquired. (Hu)microbiota conferred many changes upon the WT model in contrast to previous results, which showed only colonization with no disease after C. jejuni challenge. When compared to (Conv)microbiota mice for susceptibility to C. jejuni enteric or GBS patient strains, infected (Hu)microbiota mice had (1) 10-100 fold increases in C. jejuni colonization of both strains, (2) pathologic change in draining lymph nodes but only mild changes in colon or cecal lamina propria, (3) significantly lower Th1/Th17-dependent anti-C. jejuni responses, (4) significantly higher IL-4 responses at 5 but not 7 weeks post infection (PI), (5) significantly higher Th2-dependent anti-C. jejuni responses, and (6) significantly elevated anti-ganglioside autoantibodies after C. jejuni infection. These responses in (Hu)microbiota mice were correlated with a dominant Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that (Hu)microbiota altered host-pathogen interactions in infected mice, increasing colonization and Th-2 and autoimmune responses in a C. jejuni strain-dependent manner. Thus, microbiota composition is another factor controlling susceptibility to GBS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0284-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-55476732017-08-09 Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice Brooks, Phillip T. Brakel, Kelsey A. Bell, Julia A. Bejcek, Christopher E. Gilpin, Trey Brudvig, Jean M. Mansfield, Linda S. Microbiome Research BACKGROUND: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading antecedent infection to the autoimmune neuropathy Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is accompanied by an autoimmune anti-ganglioside antibody attack on peripheral nerves. Previously, we showed that contrasting immune responses mediate C. jejuni induced colitis and autoimmunity in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice, dependent upon the infecting strain. Strains from colitis patients elicited T helper 1 (T(H)1)-dependent inflammatory responses while strains from GBS patients elicited T(H)2-dependent autoantibody production. Both syndromes were exacerbated by antibiotic depletion of the microbiota, but other factors controlling susceptibility to GBS are unknown. METHODS: Using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, we examined whether structure of the gut microbial community alters host (1) gastrointestinal inflammation or (2) anti-ganglioside antibody responses after infection with C. jejuni strains from colitis or GBS patients. We compared these responses in C57BL/6 mice with either (1) stable human gut microbiota ((Hu)microbiota) transplants or (2) conventional mouse microbiota ((Conv)microbiota). RESULTS: Inoculating germ-free C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice with a mixed human fecal slurry provided a murine model that stably passed its microbiota over >20 generations. Mice were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) facilities, while extra precautions of having caretakers wear sterile garb along with limited access ensured that no mouse pathogens were acquired. (Hu)microbiota conferred many changes upon the WT model in contrast to previous results, which showed only colonization with no disease after C. jejuni challenge. When compared to (Conv)microbiota mice for susceptibility to C. jejuni enteric or GBS patient strains, infected (Hu)microbiota mice had (1) 10-100 fold increases in C. jejuni colonization of both strains, (2) pathologic change in draining lymph nodes but only mild changes in colon or cecal lamina propria, (3) significantly lower Th1/Th17-dependent anti-C. jejuni responses, (4) significantly higher IL-4 responses at 5 but not 7 weeks post infection (PI), (5) significantly higher Th2-dependent anti-C. jejuni responses, and (6) significantly elevated anti-ganglioside autoantibodies after C. jejuni infection. These responses in (Hu)microbiota mice were correlated with a dominant Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that (Hu)microbiota altered host-pathogen interactions in infected mice, increasing colonization and Th-2 and autoimmune responses in a C. jejuni strain-dependent manner. Thus, microbiota composition is another factor controlling susceptibility to GBS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0284-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5547673/ /pubmed/28789710 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0284-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Brooks, Phillip T.
Brakel, Kelsey A.
Bell, Julia A.
Bejcek, Christopher E.
Gilpin, Trey
Brudvig, Jean M.
Mansfield, Linda S.
Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice
title Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice
title_full Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice
title_fullStr Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice
title_full_unstemmed Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice
title_short Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice
title_sort transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced guillain barré syndrome autoantibody responses after campylobacter jejuni infection in c57bl/6 mice
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5547673/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28789710
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0284-4
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