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A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect

OBJECTIVES: The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administere...

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Autores principales: Vambheim, Sara M, Flaten, Magne Arve
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5548268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28831271
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S134745
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author Vambheim, Sara M
Flaten, Magne Arve
author_facet Vambheim, Sara M
Flaten, Magne Arve
author_sort Vambheim, Sara M
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administered to a natural history group or similar cohort. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were identified – 12 on placebo effects and 6 on nocebo effects. Chi-square tests revealed that 1) males responded more strongly to placebo treatment, and females responded more strongly to nocebo treatment, and 2) males responded with larger placebo effects induced by verbal information, and females responded with larger nocebo effects induced by conditioning procedures. CONCLUSION: This review indicates that there are sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effects, probably caused by sex differences in stress, anxiety, and the endogenous opioid system.
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spelling pubmed-55482682017-08-22 A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect Vambheim, Sara M Flaten, Magne Arve J Pain Res Review OBJECTIVES: The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administered to a natural history group or similar cohort. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were identified – 12 on placebo effects and 6 on nocebo effects. Chi-square tests revealed that 1) males responded more strongly to placebo treatment, and females responded more strongly to nocebo treatment, and 2) males responded with larger placebo effects induced by verbal information, and females responded with larger nocebo effects induced by conditioning procedures. CONCLUSION: This review indicates that there are sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effects, probably caused by sex differences in stress, anxiety, and the endogenous opioid system. Dove Medical Press 2017-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5548268/ /pubmed/28831271 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S134745 Text en © 2017 Vambheim and Flaten. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review
Vambheim, Sara M
Flaten, Magne Arve
A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
title A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
title_full A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
title_fullStr A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
title_full_unstemmed A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
title_short A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
title_sort systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5548268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28831271
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S134745
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