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Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer
Human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) is a well-known and accurate marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy, trophoblastic tumors and ovarian germ cell tumors. Recently, β-hCG has been found to be closely related to poor prognosis and metastasis in various other malignant tumors, while...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
D.A. Spandidos
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5549031/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28713970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5818 |
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author | Liu, Na Peng, Shu-Min Zhan, Guang-Xi Yu, Jing Wu, Wei-Min Gao, Hao Li, Xiao-Feng Guo, Xiao-Qing |
author_facet | Liu, Na Peng, Shu-Min Zhan, Guang-Xi Yu, Jing Wu, Wei-Min Gao, Hao Li, Xiao-Feng Guo, Xiao-Qing |
author_sort | Liu, Na |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) is a well-known and accurate marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy, trophoblastic tumors and ovarian germ cell tumors. Recently, β-hCG has been found to be closely related to poor prognosis and metastasis in various other malignant tumors, while its role and mechanism in ovarian cancer is still unclear. In the present study, lentiviral-mediated transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to alter β-hCG expression in the ovarian cancer cell lines ES-2 and SKOV3, respectively. Then, migration and invasion activity regulated by β-hCG were evaluated by wound-healing and Transwell assays in vitro and in a peritoneal xenograft nude mouse model in vivo. EDTA and trypsin were utilized to investigate the attachment ability of these cells. Moreover, the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (β-catenin, Slug, vimentin, Snail, claudin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin) was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, β-hCG and EMT markers were evaluated in human ovarian cancer specimens by IHC. The results showed that overexpression of β-hCG clearly promoted migration and invasion in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells (P<0.05) and facilitated metastasis in peritoneal xenografts, while silencing of β-hCG led to the opposite effect. Moreover, β-hCG was closely associated with cell morphology, attachment ability and EMT marker expression in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells and human ovarian cancer specimens. Upregulation of β-hCG promoted cells from an epithelial-like morphology to a mesenchymal-like phenotype, decreased the adhesion ability (P<0.05), and reduced the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) while inducing the expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin, N-cadherin, β-catenin and Slug). Furthermore, the converse effects were confirmed by knockdown of β-hCG. These findings strongly suggest that β-hCG may regulate metastasis of ovarian cancer through EMT, and it may become a new target for therapeutic intervention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5549031 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | D.A. Spandidos |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55490312017-11-02 Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer Liu, Na Peng, Shu-Min Zhan, Guang-Xi Yu, Jing Wu, Wei-Min Gao, Hao Li, Xiao-Feng Guo, Xiao-Qing Oncol Rep Articles Human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) is a well-known and accurate marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy, trophoblastic tumors and ovarian germ cell tumors. Recently, β-hCG has been found to be closely related to poor prognosis and metastasis in various other malignant tumors, while its role and mechanism in ovarian cancer is still unclear. In the present study, lentiviral-mediated transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to alter β-hCG expression in the ovarian cancer cell lines ES-2 and SKOV3, respectively. Then, migration and invasion activity regulated by β-hCG were evaluated by wound-healing and Transwell assays in vitro and in a peritoneal xenograft nude mouse model in vivo. EDTA and trypsin were utilized to investigate the attachment ability of these cells. Moreover, the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (β-catenin, Slug, vimentin, Snail, claudin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin) was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, β-hCG and EMT markers were evaluated in human ovarian cancer specimens by IHC. The results showed that overexpression of β-hCG clearly promoted migration and invasion in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells (P<0.05) and facilitated metastasis in peritoneal xenografts, while silencing of β-hCG led to the opposite effect. Moreover, β-hCG was closely associated with cell morphology, attachment ability and EMT marker expression in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells and human ovarian cancer specimens. Upregulation of β-hCG promoted cells from an epithelial-like morphology to a mesenchymal-like phenotype, decreased the adhesion ability (P<0.05), and reduced the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) while inducing the expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin, N-cadherin, β-catenin and Slug). Furthermore, the converse effects were confirmed by knockdown of β-hCG. These findings strongly suggest that β-hCG may regulate metastasis of ovarian cancer through EMT, and it may become a new target for therapeutic intervention. D.A. Spandidos 2017-09 2017-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5549031/ /pubmed/28713970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5818 Text en Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Articles Liu, Na Peng, Shu-Min Zhan, Guang-Xi Yu, Jing Wu, Wei-Min Gao, Hao Li, Xiao-Feng Guo, Xiao-Qing Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
title | Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
title_full | Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
title_fullStr | Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
title_short | Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
title_sort | human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5549031/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28713970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5818 |
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