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Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)

Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) were a popular food item in early twentieth century America, and were consumed in soup with sherry. Intense market demand for terrapin meat resulted in population declines, notably along the Atlantic seaboard. Efforts to supply terrapins to markets resulte...

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Autores principales: Converse, Paul E., Kuchta, Shawn R., Hauswaldt, J. Susanne, Roosenburg, Willem M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5549917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28792964
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181898
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author Converse, Paul E.
Kuchta, Shawn R.
Hauswaldt, J. Susanne
Roosenburg, Willem M.
author_facet Converse, Paul E.
Kuchta, Shawn R.
Hauswaldt, J. Susanne
Roosenburg, Willem M.
author_sort Converse, Paul E.
collection PubMed
description Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) were a popular food item in early twentieth century America, and were consumed in soup with sherry. Intense market demand for terrapin meat resulted in population declines, notably along the Atlantic seaboard. Efforts to supply terrapins to markets resulted in translocation events, as individuals were moved about to stock terrapin farms. However, in 1920 the market for turtle soup buckled with the enactment of the eighteenth amendment to the United States’ Constitution—which initiated the prohibition of alcoholic drinks—and many terrapin fisheries dumped their stocks into local waters. We used microsatellite data to show that patterns of genetic diversity along the terrapin’s coastal range are consistent with historical accounts of translocation and cultivation activities. We identified possible instances of human-mediated dispersal by estimating gene flow over historical and contemporary timescales, Bayesian model testing, and bottleneck tests. We recovered six genotypic clusters along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts with varying degrees of admixture, including increased contemporary gene flow from Texas to South Carolina, from North Carolina to Maryland, and from North Carolina to New York. In addition, Bayesian models incorporating translocation events outperformed stepping-stone models. Finally, we were unable to detect population bottlenecks, possibly due to translocation reintroducing genetic diversity into bottlenecked populations. Our data suggest that current patterns of genetic diversity in the terrapin were altered by the demand for turtle soup followed by the enactment of alcohol prohibition. In addition, our study shows that population genetic tools can elucidate metapopulation dynamics in taxa with complex genetic histories impacted by anthropogenic activities.
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spelling pubmed-55499172017-08-15 Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) Converse, Paul E. Kuchta, Shawn R. Hauswaldt, J. Susanne Roosenburg, Willem M. PLoS One Research Article Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) were a popular food item in early twentieth century America, and were consumed in soup with sherry. Intense market demand for terrapin meat resulted in population declines, notably along the Atlantic seaboard. Efforts to supply terrapins to markets resulted in translocation events, as individuals were moved about to stock terrapin farms. However, in 1920 the market for turtle soup buckled with the enactment of the eighteenth amendment to the United States’ Constitution—which initiated the prohibition of alcoholic drinks—and many terrapin fisheries dumped their stocks into local waters. We used microsatellite data to show that patterns of genetic diversity along the terrapin’s coastal range are consistent with historical accounts of translocation and cultivation activities. We identified possible instances of human-mediated dispersal by estimating gene flow over historical and contemporary timescales, Bayesian model testing, and bottleneck tests. We recovered six genotypic clusters along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts with varying degrees of admixture, including increased contemporary gene flow from Texas to South Carolina, from North Carolina to Maryland, and from North Carolina to New York. In addition, Bayesian models incorporating translocation events outperformed stepping-stone models. Finally, we were unable to detect population bottlenecks, possibly due to translocation reintroducing genetic diversity into bottlenecked populations. Our data suggest that current patterns of genetic diversity in the terrapin were altered by the demand for turtle soup followed by the enactment of alcohol prohibition. In addition, our study shows that population genetic tools can elucidate metapopulation dynamics in taxa with complex genetic histories impacted by anthropogenic activities. Public Library of Science 2017-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5549917/ /pubmed/28792964 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181898 Text en © 2017 Converse et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Converse, Paul E.
Kuchta, Shawn R.
Hauswaldt, J. Susanne
Roosenburg, Willem M.
Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
title Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
title_full Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
title_fullStr Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
title_full_unstemmed Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
title_short Turtle soup, Prohibition, and the population genetic structure of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
title_sort turtle soup, prohibition, and the population genetic structure of diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5549917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28792964
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181898
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