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External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices
Active control of the amplitude and frequency of terahertz sources is an essential prerequisite for exploiting a myriad of terahertz applications in imaging, spectroscopy, and communications. Here we present a optoelectronic, external modulation technique applied to a terahertz quantum cascade laser...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5550467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07943-w |
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author | Kindness, S. J. Jessop, D. S. Wei, B. Wallis, R. Kamboj, V. S. Xiao, L. Ren, Y. Braeuninger-Weimer, P. Aria, A. I. Hofmann, S. Beere, H. E. Ritchie, D. A. Degl’Innocenti, R. |
author_facet | Kindness, S. J. Jessop, D. S. Wei, B. Wallis, R. Kamboj, V. S. Xiao, L. Ren, Y. Braeuninger-Weimer, P. Aria, A. I. Hofmann, S. Beere, H. E. Ritchie, D. A. Degl’Innocenti, R. |
author_sort | Kindness, S. J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Active control of the amplitude and frequency of terahertz sources is an essential prerequisite for exploiting a myriad of terahertz applications in imaging, spectroscopy, and communications. Here we present a optoelectronic, external modulation technique applied to a terahertz quantum cascade laser which holds the promise of addressing a number of important challenges in this research area. A hybrid metamaterial/graphene device is implemented into an external cavity set-up allowing for optoelectronic tuning of feedback into a quantum cascade laser. We demonstrate powerful, all-electronic, control over the amplitude and frequency of the laser output. Full laser switching is performed by electrostatic gating of the metamaterial/graphene device, demonstrating a modulation depth of 100%. External control of the emission spectrum is also achieved, highlighting the flexibility of this feedback method. By taking advantage of the frequency dispersive reflectivity of the metamaterial array, different modes of the QCL output are selectively suppressed using lithographic tuning and single mode operation of the multi-mode laser is enforced. Side mode suppression is electrically modulated from ~6 dB to ~21 dB, demonstrating active, optoelectronic modulation of the laser frequency content between multi-mode and single mode operation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5550467 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55504672017-08-11 External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices Kindness, S. J. Jessop, D. S. Wei, B. Wallis, R. Kamboj, V. S. Xiao, L. Ren, Y. Braeuninger-Weimer, P. Aria, A. I. Hofmann, S. Beere, H. E. Ritchie, D. A. Degl’Innocenti, R. Sci Rep Article Active control of the amplitude and frequency of terahertz sources is an essential prerequisite for exploiting a myriad of terahertz applications in imaging, spectroscopy, and communications. Here we present a optoelectronic, external modulation technique applied to a terahertz quantum cascade laser which holds the promise of addressing a number of important challenges in this research area. A hybrid metamaterial/graphene device is implemented into an external cavity set-up allowing for optoelectronic tuning of feedback into a quantum cascade laser. We demonstrate powerful, all-electronic, control over the amplitude and frequency of the laser output. Full laser switching is performed by electrostatic gating of the metamaterial/graphene device, demonstrating a modulation depth of 100%. External control of the emission spectrum is also achieved, highlighting the flexibility of this feedback method. By taking advantage of the frequency dispersive reflectivity of the metamaterial array, different modes of the QCL output are selectively suppressed using lithographic tuning and single mode operation of the multi-mode laser is enforced. Side mode suppression is electrically modulated from ~6 dB to ~21 dB, demonstrating active, optoelectronic modulation of the laser frequency content between multi-mode and single mode operation. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5550467/ /pubmed/28794444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07943-w Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Kindness, S. J. Jessop, D. S. Wei, B. Wallis, R. Kamboj, V. S. Xiao, L. Ren, Y. Braeuninger-Weimer, P. Aria, A. I. Hofmann, S. Beere, H. E. Ritchie, D. A. Degl’Innocenti, R. External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
title | External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
title_full | External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
title_fullStr | External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
title_full_unstemmed | External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
title_short | External amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
title_sort | external amplitude and frequency modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser using metamaterial/graphene devices |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5550467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07943-w |
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