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Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study

Background: Verbal fluency is a measure of cognitive flexibility and word search strategies that is widely used to characterize impaired cognitive function. Despite the wealth of research on identifying and characterizing distinct aspects of verbal fluency, the anatomic and functional substrates of...

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Autores principales: Li, Yunqing, Li, Ping, Yang, Qing X., Eslinger, Paul J., Sica, Chris T., Karunanayaka, Prasanna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5550713/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28848407
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00131
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author Li, Yunqing
Li, Ping
Yang, Qing X.
Eslinger, Paul J.
Sica, Chris T.
Karunanayaka, Prasanna
author_facet Li, Yunqing
Li, Ping
Yang, Qing X.
Eslinger, Paul J.
Sica, Chris T.
Karunanayaka, Prasanna
author_sort Li, Yunqing
collection PubMed
description Background: Verbal fluency is a measure of cognitive flexibility and word search strategies that is widely used to characterize impaired cognitive function. Despite the wealth of research on identifying and characterizing distinct aspects of verbal fluency, the anatomic and functional substrates of retrieval-related search and post-retrieval control processes still have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Twenty-one native English-speaking, healthy, right-handed, adult volunteers (mean age = 31 years; range = 21–45 years; 9 F) took part in a block-design functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study of free recall, covert word generation tasks when guided by phonemic (P), semantic-category (C), and context-based fill-in–the-blank sentence completion (S) cues. General linear model (GLM), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to further characterize the neural substrate of verbal fluency as a function of retrieval cue type. Results: Common localized activations across P, C, and S tasks occurred in the bilateral superior and left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), and left insula. Differential task activations were centered in the occipital, temporal and parietal regions as well as the thalamus and cerebellum. The context-based fluency task, i.e., the S task, elicited higher differential brain activity in a lateralized frontal-temporal network typically engaged in complex language processing. P and C tasks elicited activation in limited pathways mainly within the left frontal regions. ICA and PPI results of the S task suggested that brain regions distributed across both hemispheres, extending beyond classical language areas, are recruited for lexical-semantic access and retrieval during sentence completion. Conclusion: Study results support the hypothesis of overlapping, as well as distinct, neural networks for covert word generation when guided by different linguistic cues. The increased demand on word retrieval is met by the concurrent recruitment of classical as well as non-classical language-related brain regions forming a large cognitive neural network. The retrieval-related search and post-retrieval control processes that subserve verbal fluency, therefore, reverberates across distinct functional networks as determined by respective task demands.
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spelling pubmed-55507132017-08-28 Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study Li, Yunqing Li, Ping Yang, Qing X. Eslinger, Paul J. Sica, Chris T. Karunanayaka, Prasanna Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience Background: Verbal fluency is a measure of cognitive flexibility and word search strategies that is widely used to characterize impaired cognitive function. Despite the wealth of research on identifying and characterizing distinct aspects of verbal fluency, the anatomic and functional substrates of retrieval-related search and post-retrieval control processes still have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Twenty-one native English-speaking, healthy, right-handed, adult volunteers (mean age = 31 years; range = 21–45 years; 9 F) took part in a block-design functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study of free recall, covert word generation tasks when guided by phonemic (P), semantic-category (C), and context-based fill-in–the-blank sentence completion (S) cues. General linear model (GLM), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to further characterize the neural substrate of verbal fluency as a function of retrieval cue type. Results: Common localized activations across P, C, and S tasks occurred in the bilateral superior and left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), and left insula. Differential task activations were centered in the occipital, temporal and parietal regions as well as the thalamus and cerebellum. The context-based fluency task, i.e., the S task, elicited higher differential brain activity in a lateralized frontal-temporal network typically engaged in complex language processing. P and C tasks elicited activation in limited pathways mainly within the left frontal regions. ICA and PPI results of the S task suggested that brain regions distributed across both hemispheres, extending beyond classical language areas, are recruited for lexical-semantic access and retrieval during sentence completion. Conclusion: Study results support the hypothesis of overlapping, as well as distinct, neural networks for covert word generation when guided by different linguistic cues. The increased demand on word retrieval is met by the concurrent recruitment of classical as well as non-classical language-related brain regions forming a large cognitive neural network. The retrieval-related search and post-retrieval control processes that subserve verbal fluency, therefore, reverberates across distinct functional networks as determined by respective task demands. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5550713/ /pubmed/28848407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00131 Text en Copyright © 2017 Li, Li, Yang, Eslinger, Sica and Karunanayaka. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Li, Yunqing
Li, Ping
Yang, Qing X.
Eslinger, Paul J.
Sica, Chris T.
Karunanayaka, Prasanna
Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study
title Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study
title_full Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study
title_fullStr Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study
title_full_unstemmed Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study
title_short Lexical-Semantic Search Under Different Covert Verbal Fluency Tasks: An fMRI Study
title_sort lexical-semantic search under different covert verbal fluency tasks: an fmri study
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5550713/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28848407
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00131
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