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Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions

Pyrethrins are nowadays widely used for prevention and control of insects in leaf lettuce. However, there is a concern about the pesticide residue in leaf lettuce. A reliable analytical method for determination of pyrethrins (pyrethrin—and П, cinerin І and П, and jasmolin І and П) in leaf lettuce wa...

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Autores principales: Pan, Lixiang, Feng, Xiaoxiao, Zhang, Hongyan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5551260/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28754023
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070822
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author Pan, Lixiang
Feng, Xiaoxiao
Zhang, Hongyan
author_facet Pan, Lixiang
Feng, Xiaoxiao
Zhang, Hongyan
author_sort Pan, Lixiang
collection PubMed
description Pyrethrins are nowadays widely used for prevention and control of insects in leaf lettuce. However, there is a concern about the pesticide residue in leaf lettuce. A reliable analytical method for determination of pyrethrins (pyrethrin—and П, cinerin І and П, and jasmolin І and П) in leaf lettuce was developed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Recoveries of pyrethrins in leaf lettuce at three spiking levels were 99.4–104.0% with relative standard deviations of 0.9–3.1% (n = 5). Evaluation of dissipation and final residues of pyrethrins in leaf lettuce were determined at six different locations, including the open field, as well as under greenhouse conditions. The initial concentration of pyrethrins in greenhouse (0.57 mg/kg) was higher than in open field (0.25 mg/kg) and the half-life for pyrethrins disappearance in field lettuce (0.7 days) was less than that greenhouse lettuce (1.1 days). Factors such as rainfall, solar radiation, wind speed, and crop growth rate are likely to have caused these results. The final residue in leaf lettuce was far below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (1 mg/kg established by the European Union (EU), Australia, Korea, Japan).
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spelling pubmed-55512602017-08-11 Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions Pan, Lixiang Feng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Hongyan Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Pyrethrins are nowadays widely used for prevention and control of insects in leaf lettuce. However, there is a concern about the pesticide residue in leaf lettuce. A reliable analytical method for determination of pyrethrins (pyrethrin—and П, cinerin І and П, and jasmolin І and П) in leaf lettuce was developed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Recoveries of pyrethrins in leaf lettuce at three spiking levels were 99.4–104.0% with relative standard deviations of 0.9–3.1% (n = 5). Evaluation of dissipation and final residues of pyrethrins in leaf lettuce were determined at six different locations, including the open field, as well as under greenhouse conditions. The initial concentration of pyrethrins in greenhouse (0.57 mg/kg) was higher than in open field (0.25 mg/kg) and the half-life for pyrethrins disappearance in field lettuce (0.7 days) was less than that greenhouse lettuce (1.1 days). Factors such as rainfall, solar radiation, wind speed, and crop growth rate are likely to have caused these results. The final residue in leaf lettuce was far below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (1 mg/kg established by the European Union (EU), Australia, Korea, Japan). MDPI 2017-07-21 2017-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5551260/ /pubmed/28754023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070822 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pan, Lixiang
Feng, Xiaoxiao
Zhang, Hongyan
Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
title Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
title_full Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
title_fullStr Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
title_short Dissipation and Residues of Pyrethrins in Leaf Lettuce under Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
title_sort dissipation and residues of pyrethrins in leaf lettuce under greenhouse and open field conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5551260/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28754023
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070822
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