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Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly

Theory predicts deterministic and stochastic factors will contribute to community assembly in different ways: Environmental filters should regulate those species that establish in a particular area resulting in the ecological requirements of species being the primary driver of species distributions,...

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Autores principales: Ord, Terry J., Emblen, Jack, Hagman, Mattias, Shofner, Ryan, Unruh, Sara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5552957/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28811885
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3126
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author Ord, Terry J.
Emblen, Jack
Hagman, Mattias
Shofner, Ryan
Unruh, Sara
author_facet Ord, Terry J.
Emblen, Jack
Hagman, Mattias
Shofner, Ryan
Unruh, Sara
author_sort Ord, Terry J.
collection PubMed
description Theory predicts deterministic and stochastic factors will contribute to community assembly in different ways: Environmental filters should regulate those species that establish in a particular area resulting in the ecological requirements of species being the primary driver of species distributions, while chance and dispersal limitation should dictate the likelihood of species reaching certain areas with the ecology of species being largely neutral. These factors are specifically relevant for understanding how the area and isolation of different habitats or islands interact to affect community composition. Our review of the literature found few experimental studies have examined the interactive effect of habitat area and isolation on community assembly, and the results of those experiments have been mixed. We manipulated the area and isolation of rock “islands” created de novo in a grassland matrix to experimentally test how deterministic and stochastic factors shape colonizing animal communities. Over 64 weeks, the experiment revealed the primacy of deterministic factors in community assembly, with habitat islands of the same size exhibiting remarkable consistency in community composition and diversity, irrespective of isolation. Nevertheless, tangible differences still existed in abundance inequality among taxa: Large, near islands had consistently higher numbers of common taxa compared to all other island types. Dispersal limitation is often assumed to be negligible at small spatial scales, but our data shows this not to be the case. Furthermore, the dispersal limitation of a subset of species has potentially complex flow‐on effects for dictating the type of deterministic factors affecting other colonizing species.
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spelling pubmed-55529572017-08-15 Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly Ord, Terry J. Emblen, Jack Hagman, Mattias Shofner, Ryan Unruh, Sara Ecol Evol Original Research Theory predicts deterministic and stochastic factors will contribute to community assembly in different ways: Environmental filters should regulate those species that establish in a particular area resulting in the ecological requirements of species being the primary driver of species distributions, while chance and dispersal limitation should dictate the likelihood of species reaching certain areas with the ecology of species being largely neutral. These factors are specifically relevant for understanding how the area and isolation of different habitats or islands interact to affect community composition. Our review of the literature found few experimental studies have examined the interactive effect of habitat area and isolation on community assembly, and the results of those experiments have been mixed. We manipulated the area and isolation of rock “islands” created de novo in a grassland matrix to experimentally test how deterministic and stochastic factors shape colonizing animal communities. Over 64 weeks, the experiment revealed the primacy of deterministic factors in community assembly, with habitat islands of the same size exhibiting remarkable consistency in community composition and diversity, irrespective of isolation. Nevertheless, tangible differences still existed in abundance inequality among taxa: Large, near islands had consistently higher numbers of common taxa compared to all other island types. Dispersal limitation is often assumed to be negligible at small spatial scales, but our data shows this not to be the case. Furthermore, the dispersal limitation of a subset of species has potentially complex flow‐on effects for dictating the type of deterministic factors affecting other colonizing species. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5552957/ /pubmed/28811885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3126 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Ord, Terry J.
Emblen, Jack
Hagman, Mattias
Shofner, Ryan
Unruh, Sara
Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
title Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
title_full Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
title_fullStr Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
title_full_unstemmed Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
title_short Manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
title_sort manipulation of habitat isolation and area implicates deterministic factors and limited neutrality in community assembly
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5552957/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28811885
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3126
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