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Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan

The presence of microbes in the atmosphere and their transport over long distances across the Earth's surface was recently shown. Precipitation is likely a major path by which aerial microbes fall to the ground surface, affecting its microbial ecosystems and introducing pathogenic microbes. Und...

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Autores principales: Hiraoka, Satoshi, Miyahara, Masaya, Fujii, Kazushi, Machiyama, Asako, Iwasaki, Wataru
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5554504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28848519
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01506
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author Hiraoka, Satoshi
Miyahara, Masaya
Fujii, Kazushi
Machiyama, Asako
Iwasaki, Wataru
author_facet Hiraoka, Satoshi
Miyahara, Masaya
Fujii, Kazushi
Machiyama, Asako
Iwasaki, Wataru
author_sort Hiraoka, Satoshi
collection PubMed
description The presence of microbes in the atmosphere and their transport over long distances across the Earth's surface was recently shown. Precipitation is likely a major path by which aerial microbes fall to the ground surface, affecting its microbial ecosystems and introducing pathogenic microbes. Understanding microbial communities in precipitation is of multidisciplinary interest from the perspectives of microbial ecology and public health; however, community-wide and seasonal analyses have not been conducted. Here, we carried out 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of 30 precipitation samples that were aseptically collected over 1 year in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. The precipitation microbial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria and were overall consistent with those previously reported in atmospheric aerosols and cloud water. Seasonal variations in composition were observed; specifically, Proteobacteria abundance significantly decreased from summer to winter. Notably, estimated ordinary habitats of precipitation microbes were dominated by animal-associated, soil-related, and marine-related environments, and reasonably consistent with estimated air mass backward trajectories. To our knowledge, this is the first amplicon-sequencing study investigating precipitation microbial communities involving sampling over the duration of a year.
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spelling pubmed-55545042017-08-28 Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan Hiraoka, Satoshi Miyahara, Masaya Fujii, Kazushi Machiyama, Asako Iwasaki, Wataru Front Microbiol Microbiology The presence of microbes in the atmosphere and their transport over long distances across the Earth's surface was recently shown. Precipitation is likely a major path by which aerial microbes fall to the ground surface, affecting its microbial ecosystems and introducing pathogenic microbes. Understanding microbial communities in precipitation is of multidisciplinary interest from the perspectives of microbial ecology and public health; however, community-wide and seasonal analyses have not been conducted. Here, we carried out 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of 30 precipitation samples that were aseptically collected over 1 year in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. The precipitation microbial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria and were overall consistent with those previously reported in atmospheric aerosols and cloud water. Seasonal variations in composition were observed; specifically, Proteobacteria abundance significantly decreased from summer to winter. Notably, estimated ordinary habitats of precipitation microbes were dominated by animal-associated, soil-related, and marine-related environments, and reasonably consistent with estimated air mass backward trajectories. To our knowledge, this is the first amplicon-sequencing study investigating precipitation microbial communities involving sampling over the duration of a year. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5554504/ /pubmed/28848519 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01506 Text en Copyright © 2017 Hiraoka, Miyahara, Fujii, Machiyama and Iwasaki. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Hiraoka, Satoshi
Miyahara, Masaya
Fujii, Kazushi
Machiyama, Asako
Iwasaki, Wataru
Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
title Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
title_full Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
title_fullStr Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
title_short Seasonal Analysis of Microbial Communities in Precipitation in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan
title_sort seasonal analysis of microbial communities in precipitation in the greater tokyo area, japan
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5554504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28848519
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01506
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