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Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medull...

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Autor principal: Younis, Enas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555522/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610401
http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.5.1191
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author Younis, Enas
author_facet Younis, Enas
author_sort Younis, Enas
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description Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medullary thyroid cancers, MTC) originate from calcitonin producing C-cells. Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of point mutations and translocations are involved, not only in its tumorigenesis, but also as have potential use as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Many occur in genes for several important signaling pathways, in particular the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Sporadic (isolated) lesions account for 75% of MTC cases, while inherited MTC, often in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B syndromes, constitute the remainder. However, non-MEN familial MTC may also occur. Advances in genetic testing have revolutionized the management of MTC, with prospects of genetic screening, testing and early prophylactic thyroidectomy. Ethical concerns of these advances are addressed.
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spelling pubmed-55555222017-08-28 Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer Younis, Enas Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Review Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medullary thyroid cancers, MTC) originate from calcitonin producing C-cells. Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of point mutations and translocations are involved, not only in its tumorigenesis, but also as have potential use as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Many occur in genes for several important signaling pathways, in particular the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Sporadic (isolated) lesions account for 75% of MTC cases, while inherited MTC, often in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B syndromes, constitute the remainder. However, non-MEN familial MTC may also occur. Advances in genetic testing have revolutionized the management of MTC, with prospects of genetic screening, testing and early prophylactic thyroidectomy. Ethical concerns of these advances are addressed. West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5555522/ /pubmed/28610401 http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.5.1191 Text en Copyright: © Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-SA/4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
spellingShingle Review
Younis, Enas
Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
title Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
title_full Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
title_fullStr Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
title_short Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
title_sort oncogenesis of thyroid cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555522/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610401
http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.5.1191
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