Frequency and trends of hospital treated pesticide poisonings in Germany 2000–2014

Objectives: To analyze the occurrence, trends, and patterns of hospital treated pesticide poisonings in Germany Methods: Data from the German diagnoses statistics of hospital discharges are analyzed for the years 2000–2014. ICD code specific numbers of cases as well as rates per one million and case-fatality ratios are calculated. The number of fatal pesticides poisonings is compared to the official German causes-of-death statistics. Results: During 2000 and 2014 overall 2,871 pesticides poisonings were treated in hospitals with 191 cases per year on average. The rate per 1 million dropped from 2.74 in 2000 to 1.38 in 2014. On average 5% of pesticides poisonings were fatal, this percentage also approximately halved from 2000 to 2014. The majority of pesticide poisonings occurred in men. In both sexes about 70% of all pesticide poisonings occurred below 55 years and one third of patients were younger than 25 years. With respect to fatal poisonings men shared almost 80% of incidents and more than 70% of cases occurred above 55 years of age. There is poor agreement between the different data sources studied. On average only 24% of the fatal pesticide poisoning in the mortality statistics were seen in the diagnoses statistics of hospital discharges. Conclusions: This study shows that the decrease of pesticide poisonings in Germany applies to fatal and non-fatal incidents. There seems to be a decrease also in the case fatality ratio which might point to positive preventive effects by reducing the availability of toxic pesticides. Fatal pesticides poisonings prevails in elder men while non-fatal pesticide poisoning more often affects the younger population. These different patterns should be addressed when improving preventive strategies. The discrepancy between the different data bases with respect to fatal poisoning might be explained by intoxications not admitted to a hospital. However, the difference seems rather high and calls for a deeper investigation. The ICD version 10 does not provide codes allowing for pesticide-specific analyzes of poisonings. The new ICD version 11 therefore should be adjusted to the needs of monitoring of pesticide poisonings.