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Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an essential role in the development of all vertebrates; in particular adequate TH content is crucial for proper neurodevelopment. TH availability and action in the brain are precisely regulated by several mechanisms, including the secretion of THs by the thyroid gland, t...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5557746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28855863 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00240 |
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author | Bárez-López, Soledad Guadaño-Ferraz, Ana |
author_facet | Bárez-López, Soledad Guadaño-Ferraz, Ana |
author_sort | Bárez-López, Soledad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thyroid hormones (THs) play an essential role in the development of all vertebrates; in particular adequate TH content is crucial for proper neurodevelopment. TH availability and action in the brain are precisely regulated by several mechanisms, including the secretion of THs by the thyroid gland, the transport of THs to the brain and neural cells, THs activation and inactivation by the metabolic enzymes deiodinases and, in the fetus, transplacental passage of maternal THs. Although these mechanisms have been extensively studied in rats, in the last decade, models of genetically modified mice have been more frequently used to understand the role of the main proteins involved in TH signaling in health and disease. Despite this, there is little knowledge about the mechanisms underlying THs availability in the mouse brain. This mini-review article gathers information from findings in rats, and the latest findings in mice regarding the ontogeny of TH action and the sources of THs to the brain, with special focus on neurodevelopmental stages. Unraveling TH economy and action in the mouse brain may help to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of TH signaling in brain and may contribute to addressing the neurological alterations due to hypo and hyperthyroidism and TH resistance syndromes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5557746 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55577462017-08-30 Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents Bárez-López, Soledad Guadaño-Ferraz, Ana Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Thyroid hormones (THs) play an essential role in the development of all vertebrates; in particular adequate TH content is crucial for proper neurodevelopment. TH availability and action in the brain are precisely regulated by several mechanisms, including the secretion of THs by the thyroid gland, the transport of THs to the brain and neural cells, THs activation and inactivation by the metabolic enzymes deiodinases and, in the fetus, transplacental passage of maternal THs. Although these mechanisms have been extensively studied in rats, in the last decade, models of genetically modified mice have been more frequently used to understand the role of the main proteins involved in TH signaling in health and disease. Despite this, there is little knowledge about the mechanisms underlying THs availability in the mouse brain. This mini-review article gathers information from findings in rats, and the latest findings in mice regarding the ontogeny of TH action and the sources of THs to the brain, with special focus on neurodevelopmental stages. Unraveling TH economy and action in the mouse brain may help to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of TH signaling in brain and may contribute to addressing the neurological alterations due to hypo and hyperthyroidism and TH resistance syndromes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5557746/ /pubmed/28855863 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00240 Text en Copyright © 2017 Bárez-López and Guadaño-Ferraz. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Bárez-López, Soledad Guadaño-Ferraz, Ana Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents |
title | Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents |
title_full | Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents |
title_fullStr | Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents |
title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents |
title_short | Thyroid Hormone Availability and Action during Brain Development in Rodents |
title_sort | thyroid hormone availability and action during brain development in rodents |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5557746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28855863 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00240 |
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