Dirac point induced ultralow-threshold laser and giant optoelectronic quantum oscillations in graphene-based heterojunctions

The occurrence of zero effective mass of electrons at the vicinity of the Dirac point is expected to create new paradigms for scientific research and technological applications, but the related discoveries are rather limited. Here, we demonstrate that a simple architecture composed of graphene quantum dots sandwiched by graphene layers can exhibit several intriguing features, including the Dirac point induced ultralow-threshold laser, giant peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) with ultra-narrow spectra of negative differential resistance and quantum oscillations of current as well as light emission intensity. In particular, the threshold of only 12.4 nA cm(−2) is the lowest value ever reported on electrically driven lasers, and the PVR value of more than 100 also sets the highest record compared with all available reports on graphene-based devices. We show that all these intriguing phenomena can be interpreted based on the unique band structures of graphene quantum dots and graphene as well as resonant quantum tunneling.