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Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

Germanane, a hydrogen-terminated graphane analogue of germanium has generated interest as a potential 2D electronic material. However, the incorporation and retention of extrinsic dopant atoms in the lattice, to tune the electronic properties, remains a significant challenge. Here, we show that the...

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Autores principales: Cultrara, Nicholas D, Arguilla, Maxx Q, Jiang, Shishi, Sun, Chuanchuan, Scudder, Michael R, Ross, R Dominic, Goldberger, Joshua E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Beilstein-Institut 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5564271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28875101
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.164
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author Cultrara, Nicholas D
Arguilla, Maxx Q
Jiang, Shishi
Sun, Chuanchuan
Scudder, Michael R
Ross, R Dominic
Goldberger, Joshua E
author_facet Cultrara, Nicholas D
Arguilla, Maxx Q
Jiang, Shishi
Sun, Chuanchuan
Scudder, Michael R
Ross, R Dominic
Goldberger, Joshua E
author_sort Cultrara, Nicholas D
collection PubMed
description Germanane, a hydrogen-terminated graphane analogue of germanium has generated interest as a potential 2D electronic material. However, the incorporation and retention of extrinsic dopant atoms in the lattice, to tune the electronic properties, remains a significant challenge. Here, we show that the group-13 element Ga and the group-15 element As, can be successfully doped into a precursor CaGe(2) phase, and remain intact in the lattice after the topotactic deintercalation, using HCl, to form GeH. After deintercalation, a maximum of 1.1% As and 2.3% Ga can be substituted into the germanium lattice. Electronic transport properties of single flakes show that incorporation of dopants leads to a reduction of resistance of more than three orders of magnitude in H(2)O-containing atmosphere after As doping. After doping with Ga, the reduction is more than six orders of magnitude, but with significant hysteretic behavior, indicative of water-activation of dopants on the surface. Only Ga-doped germanane remains activated under vacuum, and also exhibits minimal hysteretic behavior while the sheet resistance is reduced by more than four orders of magnitude. These Ga- and As-doped germanane materials start to oxidize after one to four days in ambient atmosphere. Overall, this work demonstrates that extrinsic doping with Ga is a viable pathway towards accessing stable electronic behavior in graphane analogues of germanium.
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spelling pubmed-55642712017-09-05 Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane Cultrara, Nicholas D Arguilla, Maxx Q Jiang, Shishi Sun, Chuanchuan Scudder, Michael R Ross, R Dominic Goldberger, Joshua E Beilstein J Nanotechnol Full Research Paper Germanane, a hydrogen-terminated graphane analogue of germanium has generated interest as a potential 2D electronic material. However, the incorporation and retention of extrinsic dopant atoms in the lattice, to tune the electronic properties, remains a significant challenge. Here, we show that the group-13 element Ga and the group-15 element As, can be successfully doped into a precursor CaGe(2) phase, and remain intact in the lattice after the topotactic deintercalation, using HCl, to form GeH. After deintercalation, a maximum of 1.1% As and 2.3% Ga can be substituted into the germanium lattice. Electronic transport properties of single flakes show that incorporation of dopants leads to a reduction of resistance of more than three orders of magnitude in H(2)O-containing atmosphere after As doping. After doping with Ga, the reduction is more than six orders of magnitude, but with significant hysteretic behavior, indicative of water-activation of dopants on the surface. Only Ga-doped germanane remains activated under vacuum, and also exhibits minimal hysteretic behavior while the sheet resistance is reduced by more than four orders of magnitude. These Ga- and As-doped germanane materials start to oxidize after one to four days in ambient atmosphere. Overall, this work demonstrates that extrinsic doping with Ga is a viable pathway towards accessing stable electronic behavior in graphane analogues of germanium. Beilstein-Institut 2017-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5564271/ /pubmed/28875101 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.164 Text en Copyright © 2017, Cultrara et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)
spellingShingle Full Research Paper
Cultrara, Nicholas D
Arguilla, Maxx Q
Jiang, Shishi
Sun, Chuanchuan
Scudder, Michael R
Ross, R Dominic
Goldberger, Joshua E
Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
title Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
title_full Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
title_fullStr Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
title_full_unstemmed Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
title_short Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
title_sort group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane
topic Full Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5564271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28875101
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.164
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