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Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update

Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromiu...

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Autores principales: Wang, Yafei, Su, Hong, Gu, Yuanliang, Song, Xin, Zhao, Jinshun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5565385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28860815
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S139262
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author Wang, Yafei
Su, Hong
Gu, Yuanliang
Song, Xin
Zhao, Jinshun
author_facet Wang, Yafei
Su, Hong
Gu, Yuanliang
Song, Xin
Zhao, Jinshun
author_sort Wang, Yafei
collection PubMed
description Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromium (Cr[V]), tetravalent chromium (Cr[IV]) or Cr(III) via cellular reductants. These intermediates may directly or indirectly result in DNA damage or DNA–protein cross-links. Although Cr(III) complexes cannot pass easily through cell membranes, they have the ability to accumulate around cells to induce cell-surface morphological alteration and result in cell-membrane lipid injuries via disruption of cellular functions and integrity, and finally to cause DNA damage. In recent years, more research, including in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies, has been conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity/carcinogenicity induced by Cr(VI) and/or Cr(III) compounds. At the same time, various therapeutic agents, especially antioxidants, have been explored through in vitro and in vivo studies for preventing chromium-induced genotoxicity/carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide a brief update on the carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and chemoprevention with different antioxidants.
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spelling pubmed-55653852017-08-31 Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update Wang, Yafei Su, Hong Gu, Yuanliang Song, Xin Zhao, Jinshun Onco Targets Ther Review Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromium (Cr[V]), tetravalent chromium (Cr[IV]) or Cr(III) via cellular reductants. These intermediates may directly or indirectly result in DNA damage or DNA–protein cross-links. Although Cr(III) complexes cannot pass easily through cell membranes, they have the ability to accumulate around cells to induce cell-surface morphological alteration and result in cell-membrane lipid injuries via disruption of cellular functions and integrity, and finally to cause DNA damage. In recent years, more research, including in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies, has been conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity/carcinogenicity induced by Cr(VI) and/or Cr(III) compounds. At the same time, various therapeutic agents, especially antioxidants, have been explored through in vitro and in vivo studies for preventing chromium-induced genotoxicity/carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide a brief update on the carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and chemoprevention with different antioxidants. Dove Medical Press 2017-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5565385/ /pubmed/28860815 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S139262 Text en © 2017 Wang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review
Wang, Yafei
Su, Hong
Gu, Yuanliang
Song, Xin
Zhao, Jinshun
Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
title Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
title_full Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
title_fullStr Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
title_full_unstemmed Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
title_short Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
title_sort carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5565385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28860815
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S139262
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