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Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom

The occurrence of antibiotics in surface waters has been reported worldwide with concentrations ranging from ng L(−1) to low µg L(−1) levels. During environmental risk assessments, effects of antibiotics on algal species are assessed using standard test protocols (e.g., the OECD 201 guideline), wher...

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Autores principales: Guo, Jiahua, Selby, Katherine, Boxall, Alistair B. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5566184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507418
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0305-5
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author Guo, Jiahua
Selby, Katherine
Boxall, Alistair B. A.
author_facet Guo, Jiahua
Selby, Katherine
Boxall, Alistair B. A.
author_sort Guo, Jiahua
collection PubMed
description The occurrence of antibiotics in surface waters has been reported worldwide with concentrations ranging from ng L(−1) to low µg L(−1) levels. During environmental risk assessments, effects of antibiotics on algal species are assessed using standard test protocols (e.g., the OECD 201 guideline), where the cell number endpoint is used as a surrogate for growth. However, the use of photosynthetic related endpoints, such as oxygen evolution rate, and the assessment of effects on algal pigments could help to inform our understanding of the impacts of antibiotics on algal species. This study explored the effects of three major usage antibiotics (tylosin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim) on the growth and physiology of two chlorophytes (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae), and a diatom (Navicula pelliculosa) using a battery of parameters, including cell density, oxygen evolution rate, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and the irradiance–photosynthesis relationship. The results indicated that photosynthesis of chlorophytes was a more sensitive endpoint than growth (i.e., EC(50) derived based on the effects of tylosin on the growth of D. subspicatus was 38.27 µmol L(−1) compared with an EC(50) of 17.6 µmol L(−1) based on photosynthetic rate), but the situation was reversed when testing cyanobacteria and the diatom (i.e., EC(50) derived based on the effects of tylosin on the growth of A. flos-aquae was 0.06 µmol L(−1); EC(50) 0.33 µmol L(−1) based on photosynthetic rate). The pigment contents of algal cells were affected by the three antibiotics for D. subspicatus. However, in some cases, pigment content was stimulated for P. subcapitata, N. pelliculosa, and A. flos-aquae. The light utilization efficiency of chlorophytes and diatom was decreased markedly in the presence of antibiotics. The results demonstrated that the integration of these additional endpoints into existing standardised protocols could provide useful insights into the impacts of antibiotics on algal species. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00244-016-0305-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-55661842017-09-19 Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom Guo, Jiahua Selby, Katherine Boxall, Alistair B. A. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol Original Paper The occurrence of antibiotics in surface waters has been reported worldwide with concentrations ranging from ng L(−1) to low µg L(−1) levels. During environmental risk assessments, effects of antibiotics on algal species are assessed using standard test protocols (e.g., the OECD 201 guideline), where the cell number endpoint is used as a surrogate for growth. However, the use of photosynthetic related endpoints, such as oxygen evolution rate, and the assessment of effects on algal pigments could help to inform our understanding of the impacts of antibiotics on algal species. This study explored the effects of three major usage antibiotics (tylosin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim) on the growth and physiology of two chlorophytes (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae), and a diatom (Navicula pelliculosa) using a battery of parameters, including cell density, oxygen evolution rate, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and the irradiance–photosynthesis relationship. The results indicated that photosynthesis of chlorophytes was a more sensitive endpoint than growth (i.e., EC(50) derived based on the effects of tylosin on the growth of D. subspicatus was 38.27 µmol L(−1) compared with an EC(50) of 17.6 µmol L(−1) based on photosynthetic rate), but the situation was reversed when testing cyanobacteria and the diatom (i.e., EC(50) derived based on the effects of tylosin on the growth of A. flos-aquae was 0.06 µmol L(−1); EC(50) 0.33 µmol L(−1) based on photosynthetic rate). The pigment contents of algal cells were affected by the three antibiotics for D. subspicatus. However, in some cases, pigment content was stimulated for P. subcapitata, N. pelliculosa, and A. flos-aquae. The light utilization efficiency of chlorophytes and diatom was decreased markedly in the presence of antibiotics. The results demonstrated that the integration of these additional endpoints into existing standardised protocols could provide useful insights into the impacts of antibiotics on algal species. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00244-016-0305-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer US 2016-08-09 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC5566184/ /pubmed/27507418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0305-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Guo, Jiahua
Selby, Katherine
Boxall, Alistair B. A.
Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom
title Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom
title_full Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom
title_fullStr Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom
title_short Effects of Antibiotics on the Growth and Physiology of Chlorophytes, Cyanobacteria, and a Diatom
title_sort effects of antibiotics on the growth and physiology of chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and a diatom
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5566184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507418
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0305-5
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