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Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance
Unprecedented global climate change and increasing rates of infectious disease emergence are occurring simultaneously. Infection with emerging pathogens may alter the thermal thresholds of hosts. However, the effects of fungal infection on host thermal limits have not been examined. Moreover, the in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5571046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28839273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09950-3 |
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author | Greenspan, Sasha E. Bower, Deborah S. Roznik, Elizabeth A. Pike, David A. Marantelli, Gerry Alford, Ross A. Schwarzkopf, Lin Scheffers, Brett R. |
author_facet | Greenspan, Sasha E. Bower, Deborah S. Roznik, Elizabeth A. Pike, David A. Marantelli, Gerry Alford, Ross A. Schwarzkopf, Lin Scheffers, Brett R. |
author_sort | Greenspan, Sasha E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Unprecedented global climate change and increasing rates of infectious disease emergence are occurring simultaneously. Infection with emerging pathogens may alter the thermal thresholds of hosts. However, the effects of fungal infection on host thermal limits have not been examined. Moreover, the influence of infections on the heat tolerance of hosts has rarely been investigated within the context of realistic thermal acclimation regimes and potential anthropogenic climate change. We tested for effects of fungal infection on host thermal tolerance in a model system: frogs infected with the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Infection reduced the critical thermal maxima (CT(max)) of hosts by up to ~4 °C. Acclimation to realistic daily heat pulses enhanced thermal tolerance among infected individuals, but the magnitude of the parasitism effect usually exceeded the magnitude of the acclimation effect. In ectotherms, behaviors that elevate body temperature may decrease parasite performance or increase immune function, thereby reducing infection risk or the intensity of existing infections. However, increased heat sensitivity from infections may discourage these protective behaviors, even at temperatures below critical maxima, tipping the balance in favor of the parasite. We conclude that infectious disease could lead to increased uncertainty in estimates of species’ vulnerability to climate change. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5571046 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55710462017-09-01 Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance Greenspan, Sasha E. Bower, Deborah S. Roznik, Elizabeth A. Pike, David A. Marantelli, Gerry Alford, Ross A. Schwarzkopf, Lin Scheffers, Brett R. Sci Rep Article Unprecedented global climate change and increasing rates of infectious disease emergence are occurring simultaneously. Infection with emerging pathogens may alter the thermal thresholds of hosts. However, the effects of fungal infection on host thermal limits have not been examined. Moreover, the influence of infections on the heat tolerance of hosts has rarely been investigated within the context of realistic thermal acclimation regimes and potential anthropogenic climate change. We tested for effects of fungal infection on host thermal tolerance in a model system: frogs infected with the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Infection reduced the critical thermal maxima (CT(max)) of hosts by up to ~4 °C. Acclimation to realistic daily heat pulses enhanced thermal tolerance among infected individuals, but the magnitude of the parasitism effect usually exceeded the magnitude of the acclimation effect. In ectotherms, behaviors that elevate body temperature may decrease parasite performance or increase immune function, thereby reducing infection risk or the intensity of existing infections. However, increased heat sensitivity from infections may discourage these protective behaviors, even at temperatures below critical maxima, tipping the balance in favor of the parasite. We conclude that infectious disease could lead to increased uncertainty in estimates of species’ vulnerability to climate change. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5571046/ /pubmed/28839273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09950-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Greenspan, Sasha E. Bower, Deborah S. Roznik, Elizabeth A. Pike, David A. Marantelli, Gerry Alford, Ross A. Schwarzkopf, Lin Scheffers, Brett R. Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
title | Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
title_full | Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
title_fullStr | Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
title_full_unstemmed | Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
title_short | Infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
title_sort | infection increases vulnerability to climate change via effects on host thermal tolerance |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5571046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28839273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09950-3 |
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