Low Carbon sink capacity of Red Sea mangroves

Mangroves forests of Avicennia marina occupy about 135 km(2) in the Red Sea and represent one of the most important vegetated communities in this otherwise arid and oligotrophic region. We assessed the soil organic carbon (C(org)) stocks, soil accretion rates (SAR; mm y(−1)) and soil C(org) sequestration rates (g C(org) m(−2) yr(−1)) in 10 mangrove sites within four locations along the Saudi coast of the Central Red Sea. Soil C(org) density and stock in Red Sea mangroves were among the lowest reported globally, with an average of 4 ± 0.3 mg C(org) cm(−3) and 43 ± 5 Mg C(org) ha(−1) (in 1 m-thick soils), respectively. Sequestration rates of C(org), estimated at 3 ± 1 and 15 ± 1 g C(org) m(−2) yr(−1) for the long (millennia) and short (last century) temporal scales, respectively, were also relatively low compared to mangrove habitats from more humid bioregions. In contrast, the accretion rates of Central Red Sea mangroves soils were within the range reported for global mangrove forests. The relatively low C(org) sink capacity of Red Sea mangroves could be due to the extreme environmental conditions such as low rainfall, nutrient limitation and high temperature, reducing the growth rates of the mangroves and increasing soil respiration rates.