Cargando…
Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is known for its ability to develop inducible morphological defences that thwart predators. These defences are developed only in the presence of predators and are realized as morphological shape alterations e.g. ‘neckteeth’ in D. pulex and ‘crests’ in D. longicephal...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5575280/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28851950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09649-5 |
_version_ | 1783260008460320768 |
---|---|
author | Kruppert, Sebastian Horstmann, Martin Weiss, Linda C. Witzel, Ulrich Schaber, Clemens F. Gorb, Stanislav N. Tollrian, Ralph |
author_facet | Kruppert, Sebastian Horstmann, Martin Weiss, Linda C. Witzel, Ulrich Schaber, Clemens F. Gorb, Stanislav N. Tollrian, Ralph |
author_sort | Kruppert, Sebastian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is known for its ability to develop inducible morphological defences that thwart predators. These defences are developed only in the presence of predators and are realized as morphological shape alterations e.g. ‘neckteeth’ in D. pulex and ‘crests’ in D. longicephala. Both are discussed to hamper capture, handling or consumption by interfering with the predator’s prey capture devices. Additionally, D. pulex and some other daphniids were found to armour-up and develop structural alterations resulting in increased carapace stiffness. We used scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to identify predator-induced structural and shape alterations. We found species specific structural changes accompanying the known shape alterations. The cuticle becomes highly laminated (i.e. an increased number of layers) in both species during predator exposure. Using nano- and micro-indentation as well as finite element analysis (FEA) we determined both: the structure’s and shape’s contribution to the carapace’s mechanical resistance. From our results we conclude that only structural alterations are responsible for increased carapace stiffness, whereas shape alterations appear to pose handling difficulties during prey capture. Therefore, these defences act independently at different stages during predation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5575280 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55752802017-09-01 Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia Kruppert, Sebastian Horstmann, Martin Weiss, Linda C. Witzel, Ulrich Schaber, Clemens F. Gorb, Stanislav N. Tollrian, Ralph Sci Rep Article The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is known for its ability to develop inducible morphological defences that thwart predators. These defences are developed only in the presence of predators and are realized as morphological shape alterations e.g. ‘neckteeth’ in D. pulex and ‘crests’ in D. longicephala. Both are discussed to hamper capture, handling or consumption by interfering with the predator’s prey capture devices. Additionally, D. pulex and some other daphniids were found to armour-up and develop structural alterations resulting in increased carapace stiffness. We used scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to identify predator-induced structural and shape alterations. We found species specific structural changes accompanying the known shape alterations. The cuticle becomes highly laminated (i.e. an increased number of layers) in both species during predator exposure. Using nano- and micro-indentation as well as finite element analysis (FEA) we determined both: the structure’s and shape’s contribution to the carapace’s mechanical resistance. From our results we conclude that only structural alterations are responsible for increased carapace stiffness, whereas shape alterations appear to pose handling difficulties during prey capture. Therefore, these defences act independently at different stages during predation. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5575280/ /pubmed/28851950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09649-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Kruppert, Sebastian Horstmann, Martin Weiss, Linda C. Witzel, Ulrich Schaber, Clemens F. Gorb, Stanislav N. Tollrian, Ralph Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia |
title | Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia |
title_full | Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia |
title_fullStr | Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia |
title_full_unstemmed | Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia |
title_short | Biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia |
title_sort | biomechanical properties of predator-induced body armour in the freshwater crustacean daphnia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5575280/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28851950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09649-5 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kruppertsebastian biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia AT horstmannmartin biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia AT weisslindac biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia AT witzelulrich biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia AT schaberclemensf biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia AT gorbstanislavn biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia AT tollrianralph biomechanicalpropertiesofpredatorinducedbodyarmourinthefreshwatercrustaceandaphnia |