Classification of common human diseases derived from shared genetic and environmental determinants

In this study, we used insurance claims for over a third of the entire United States population to create a subset of 128,989 families (481,657 unique individuals). We then used these data to: 1) estimate the heritability and familial environmental patterns of 149 diseases, and; 2) infer the genetic and environmental correlations between disease pairs from a set of 29 complex diseases. The majority (52 out of 65) of our study’s heritability estimates matched earlier reports, and 84 of our estimates appear to be obtained for the first time. We used correlation matrices to compute environmental and genetic disease classifications and corresponding reliability measures. Among unexpected observations, we found that migraine, typically classified as a disease of the central nervous system, appeared to be most genetically similar to irritable bowel syndrome and most environmentally similar to cystitis and urethritis, all of which are inflammatory diseases.