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Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms
The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, with more than 26 million people suffering from CKD in the United States alone. More patients with CKD die of cardiovascular complications than progress to dialysis. Over 80% of CKD patients have hypertension, which is associated...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578072/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28767097 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081682 |
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author | Kaur, Jasdeep Young, Benjamin E. Fadel, Paul J. |
author_facet | Kaur, Jasdeep Young, Benjamin E. Fadel, Paul J. |
author_sort | Kaur, Jasdeep |
collection | PubMed |
description | The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, with more than 26 million people suffering from CKD in the United States alone. More patients with CKD die of cardiovascular complications than progress to dialysis. Over 80% of CKD patients have hypertension, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Another common, perhaps underappreciated, feature of CKD is an overactive sympathetic nervous system. This elevation in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) not only contributes to hypertension but also plays a detrimental role in the progression of CKD independent of any increase in blood pressure. Indeed, high SNA is associated with poor prognosis and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independent of its effect on blood pressure. This brief review will discuss some of the consequences of sympathetic overactivity and highlight some of the potential pathways contributing to chronically elevated SNA in CKD. Mechanisms leading to chronic sympathoexcitation in CKD are complex, multifactorial and to date, not completely understood. Identification of the mechanisms and/or signals leading to sympathetic overactivity in CKD are crucial for development of effective therapeutic targets to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in this patient group. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5578072 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55780722017-09-05 Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms Kaur, Jasdeep Young, Benjamin E. Fadel, Paul J. Int J Mol Sci Review The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, with more than 26 million people suffering from CKD in the United States alone. More patients with CKD die of cardiovascular complications than progress to dialysis. Over 80% of CKD patients have hypertension, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Another common, perhaps underappreciated, feature of CKD is an overactive sympathetic nervous system. This elevation in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) not only contributes to hypertension but also plays a detrimental role in the progression of CKD independent of any increase in blood pressure. Indeed, high SNA is associated with poor prognosis and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independent of its effect on blood pressure. This brief review will discuss some of the consequences of sympathetic overactivity and highlight some of the potential pathways contributing to chronically elevated SNA in CKD. Mechanisms leading to chronic sympathoexcitation in CKD are complex, multifactorial and to date, not completely understood. Identification of the mechanisms and/or signals leading to sympathetic overactivity in CKD are crucial for development of effective therapeutic targets to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in this patient group. MDPI 2017-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5578072/ /pubmed/28767097 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081682 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kaur, Jasdeep Young, Benjamin E. Fadel, Paul J. Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms |
title | Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms |
title_full | Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms |
title_fullStr | Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed | Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms |
title_short | Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms |
title_sort | sympathetic overactivity in chronic kidney disease: consequences and mechanisms |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578072/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28767097 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081682 |
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