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The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat
Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied on post hoc verbal reports, which fal...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society Publishing
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579091/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878976 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170265 |
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author | Dezecache, Guillaume Grèzes, Julie Dahl, Christoph D. |
author_facet | Dezecache, Guillaume Grèzes, Julie Dahl, Christoph D. |
author_sort | Dezecache, Guillaume |
collection | PubMed |
description | Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied on post hoc verbal reports, which fall short of capturing the more spontaneous reactions to danger and determine their social nature. Real-world responses to danger are difficult to observe, due to their evanescent nature. Here, we took advantage of a series of photographs freely accessible online and provided by a haunted house attraction, which enabled us to examine the more immediate reactions to mild threat. Regarding the nature and structure of affiliative behaviour and their motivational correlates, we were able to analyse the distribution of gripping, a behaviour that could either be linked to self- or other-oriented protection. We found that gripping, an affiliative behaviour, was common, suggestive of the social nature of human immediate reactions to danger. We also found that, while gripping behaviour is quite stable across group sizes, mutual gripping dropped dramatically as group size increases. The fact that mutual gripping disappears when the number of available partners increases suggests that gripping behaviour most probably reflects a self-preservative motivation. We also found age class differences, with younger individuals showing more gripping but receiving little reciprocation. Also, the most exposed individuals received little mutual gripping. Altogether, these results suggest that primary reactions to threat in humans are driven by affiliative tendencies serving self-preservative motives. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5579091 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | The Royal Society Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55790912017-09-06 The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat Dezecache, Guillaume Grèzes, Julie Dahl, Christoph D. R Soc Open Sci Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied on post hoc verbal reports, which fall short of capturing the more spontaneous reactions to danger and determine their social nature. Real-world responses to danger are difficult to observe, due to their evanescent nature. Here, we took advantage of a series of photographs freely accessible online and provided by a haunted house attraction, which enabled us to examine the more immediate reactions to mild threat. Regarding the nature and structure of affiliative behaviour and their motivational correlates, we were able to analyse the distribution of gripping, a behaviour that could either be linked to self- or other-oriented protection. We found that gripping, an affiliative behaviour, was common, suggestive of the social nature of human immediate reactions to danger. We also found that, while gripping behaviour is quite stable across group sizes, mutual gripping dropped dramatically as group size increases. The fact that mutual gripping disappears when the number of available partners increases suggests that gripping behaviour most probably reflects a self-preservative motivation. We also found age class differences, with younger individuals showing more gripping but receiving little reciprocation. Also, the most exposed individuals received little mutual gripping. Altogether, these results suggest that primary reactions to threat in humans are driven by affiliative tendencies serving self-preservative motives. The Royal Society Publishing 2017-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5579091/ /pubmed/28878976 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170265 Text en © 2017 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Dezecache, Guillaume Grèzes, Julie Dahl, Christoph D. The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
title | The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
title_full | The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
title_fullStr | The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
title_full_unstemmed | The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
title_short | The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
title_sort | nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat |
topic | Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579091/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878976 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170265 |
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