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Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose

An estimate on the reliability of prediction in the applications of electronic nose is essential, which has not been paid enough attention. An algorithm framework called conformal prediction is introduced in this work for discriminating different kinds of ginsengs with a home-made electronic nose in...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Zhan, Sun, Xiyang, Miao, Jiacheng, Wang, You, Luo, Zhiyuan, Li, Guang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28805721
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17081869
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author Wang, Zhan
Sun, Xiyang
Miao, Jiacheng
Wang, You
Luo, Zhiyuan
Li, Guang
author_facet Wang, Zhan
Sun, Xiyang
Miao, Jiacheng
Wang, You
Luo, Zhiyuan
Li, Guang
author_sort Wang, Zhan
collection PubMed
description An estimate on the reliability of prediction in the applications of electronic nose is essential, which has not been paid enough attention. An algorithm framework called conformal prediction is introduced in this work for discriminating different kinds of ginsengs with a home-made electronic nose instrument. Nonconformity measure based on k-nearest neighbors (KNN) is implemented separately as underlying algorithm of conformal prediction. In offline mode, the conformal predictor achieves a classification rate of 84.44% based on 1NN and 80.63% based on 3NN, which is better than that of simple KNN. In addition, it provides an estimate of reliability for each prediction. In online mode, the validity of predictions is guaranteed, which means that the error rate of region predictions never exceeds the significance level set by a user. The potential of this framework for detecting borderline examples and outliers in the application of E-nose is also investigated. The result shows that conformal prediction is a promising framework for the application of electronic nose to make predictions with reliability and validity.
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spelling pubmed-55795572017-09-06 Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose Wang, Zhan Sun, Xiyang Miao, Jiacheng Wang, You Luo, Zhiyuan Li, Guang Sensors (Basel) Article An estimate on the reliability of prediction in the applications of electronic nose is essential, which has not been paid enough attention. An algorithm framework called conformal prediction is introduced in this work for discriminating different kinds of ginsengs with a home-made electronic nose instrument. Nonconformity measure based on k-nearest neighbors (KNN) is implemented separately as underlying algorithm of conformal prediction. In offline mode, the conformal predictor achieves a classification rate of 84.44% based on 1NN and 80.63% based on 3NN, which is better than that of simple KNN. In addition, it provides an estimate of reliability for each prediction. In online mode, the validity of predictions is guaranteed, which means that the error rate of region predictions never exceeds the significance level set by a user. The potential of this framework for detecting borderline examples and outliers in the application of E-nose is also investigated. The result shows that conformal prediction is a promising framework for the application of electronic nose to make predictions with reliability and validity. MDPI 2017-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5579557/ /pubmed/28805721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17081869 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Zhan
Sun, Xiyang
Miao, Jiacheng
Wang, You
Luo, Zhiyuan
Li, Guang
Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose
title Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose
title_full Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose
title_fullStr Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose
title_full_unstemmed Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose
title_short Conformal Prediction Based on K-Nearest Neighbors for Discrimination of Ginsengs by a Home-Made Electronic Nose
title_sort conformal prediction based on k-nearest neighbors for discrimination of ginsengs by a home-made electronic nose
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28805721
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17081869
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