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Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements

A key challenge of public health nutrition is to provide the majority of the population with a sufficient level of micronutrients while preventing high-consumers from exceeding the tolerable upper intake level. Data of the 2014 Belgian food consumption survey (n = 3200) were used to assess fat-solub...

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Autores principales: Moyersoen, Isabelle, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Dekkers, Arnold, de Ridder, Karin, Tafforeau, Jean, van Camp, John, van Oyen, Herman, Lachat, Carl
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800115
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9080860
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author Moyersoen, Isabelle
Devleesschauwer, Brecht
Dekkers, Arnold
de Ridder, Karin
Tafforeau, Jean
van Camp, John
van Oyen, Herman
Lachat, Carl
author_facet Moyersoen, Isabelle
Devleesschauwer, Brecht
Dekkers, Arnold
de Ridder, Karin
Tafforeau, Jean
van Camp, John
van Oyen, Herman
Lachat, Carl
author_sort Moyersoen, Isabelle
collection PubMed
description A key challenge of public health nutrition is to provide the majority of the population with a sufficient level of micronutrients while preventing high-consumers from exceeding the tolerable upper intake level. Data of the 2014 Belgian food consumption survey (n = 3200) were used to assess fat-soluble vitamin (vitamins A, D, E and K) intake from the consumption of foods, fortified foods and supplements. This study revealed inadequate intakes for vitamin A, from all sources, in the entire Belgian population and possible inadequacies for vitamin D. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin A was lowest in children aged 3–6 (6–7%) and highest in adolescents (girls, 26%; boys, 34–37%). Except for women aged 60–64 years, more than 95% of the subjects had vitamin D intake from all sources below the adequate intake (AI) of 15 μg/day. The risk for inadequate intake of vitamins K and E was low (median > AI). Belgian fortification and supplementation practices are currently inadequate to eradicate suboptimal intakes of vitamins A and D, but increase median vitamin E intake close to the adequate intake. For vitamin A, a small proportion (1–4%) of young children were at risk of exceeding the upper intake level (UL), while for vitamin D, inclusion of supplements slightly increased the risk for excessive intakes (% > UL) in adult women and young children. The results may guide health authorities when developing population health interventions and regulations to ensure adequate intake of fat-soluble vitamins in Belgium.
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spelling pubmed-55796532017-09-06 Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements Moyersoen, Isabelle Devleesschauwer, Brecht Dekkers, Arnold de Ridder, Karin Tafforeau, Jean van Camp, John van Oyen, Herman Lachat, Carl Nutrients Article A key challenge of public health nutrition is to provide the majority of the population with a sufficient level of micronutrients while preventing high-consumers from exceeding the tolerable upper intake level. Data of the 2014 Belgian food consumption survey (n = 3200) were used to assess fat-soluble vitamin (vitamins A, D, E and K) intake from the consumption of foods, fortified foods and supplements. This study revealed inadequate intakes for vitamin A, from all sources, in the entire Belgian population and possible inadequacies for vitamin D. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin A was lowest in children aged 3–6 (6–7%) and highest in adolescents (girls, 26%; boys, 34–37%). Except for women aged 60–64 years, more than 95% of the subjects had vitamin D intake from all sources below the adequate intake (AI) of 15 μg/day. The risk for inadequate intake of vitamins K and E was low (median > AI). Belgian fortification and supplementation practices are currently inadequate to eradicate suboptimal intakes of vitamins A and D, but increase median vitamin E intake close to the adequate intake. For vitamin A, a small proportion (1–4%) of young children were at risk of exceeding the upper intake level (UL), while for vitamin D, inclusion of supplements slightly increased the risk for excessive intakes (% > UL) in adult women and young children. The results may guide health authorities when developing population health interventions and regulations to ensure adequate intake of fat-soluble vitamins in Belgium. MDPI 2017-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5579653/ /pubmed/28800115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9080860 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Moyersoen, Isabelle
Devleesschauwer, Brecht
Dekkers, Arnold
de Ridder, Karin
Tafforeau, Jean
van Camp, John
van Oyen, Herman
Lachat, Carl
Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
title Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
title_full Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
title_fullStr Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
title_full_unstemmed Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
title_short Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
title_sort intake of fat-soluble vitamins in the belgian population: adequacy and contribution of foods, fortified foods and supplements
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800115
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9080860
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