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Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages

E‐cigarettes are perceived as harmless; however, evidence of their safety is lacking. New data suggests E‐cigarettes discharge a range of compounds capable of physiological damage to users. We previously established that cigarette smoke caused defective alveolar macrophage phagocytosis. The present...

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Autores principales: Ween, Miranda P., Whittall, Jonathan J., Hamon, Rhys, Reynolds, Paul N., Hodge, Sandra J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5582261/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28867672
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13370
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author Ween, Miranda P.
Whittall, Jonathan J.
Hamon, Rhys
Reynolds, Paul N.
Hodge, Sandra J.
author_facet Ween, Miranda P.
Whittall, Jonathan J.
Hamon, Rhys
Reynolds, Paul N.
Hodge, Sandra J.
author_sort Ween, Miranda P.
collection PubMed
description E‐cigarettes are perceived as harmless; however, evidence of their safety is lacking. New data suggests E‐cigarettes discharge a range of compounds capable of physiological damage to users. We previously established that cigarette smoke caused defective alveolar macrophage phagocytosis. The present study compared the effect E‐cigarette of components; E‐liquid flavors, nicotine, vegetable glycerine, and propylene glycol on phagocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and phagocytic recognition molecule expression using differentiated THP‐1 macrophages. Similar to CSE, phagocytosis of NTHi bacteria was significantly decreased by E‐liquid flavoring (11.65–15.75%) versus control (27.01%). Nicotine also decreased phagocytosis (15.26%). E‐liquid, nicotine, and E‐liquid+ nicotine reduced phagocytic recognition molecules; SR‐A1 and TLR‐2. IL‐8 secretion increased with flavor and nicotine, while TNF α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, and MCP‐1 decreased after exposure to most flavors and nicotine. PG, VG, or PG:VG mix also induced a decrease in MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β. We conclude that E‐cigarettes can cause macrophage phagocytic dysfunction, expression of phagocytic recognition receptors and cytokine secretion pathways. As such, E‐cigarettes should be treated with caution by users, especially those who are nonsmokers.
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spelling pubmed-55822612017-09-06 Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages Ween, Miranda P. Whittall, Jonathan J. Hamon, Rhys Reynolds, Paul N. Hodge, Sandra J. Physiol Rep Original Research E‐cigarettes are perceived as harmless; however, evidence of their safety is lacking. New data suggests E‐cigarettes discharge a range of compounds capable of physiological damage to users. We previously established that cigarette smoke caused defective alveolar macrophage phagocytosis. The present study compared the effect E‐cigarette of components; E‐liquid flavors, nicotine, vegetable glycerine, and propylene glycol on phagocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and phagocytic recognition molecule expression using differentiated THP‐1 macrophages. Similar to CSE, phagocytosis of NTHi bacteria was significantly decreased by E‐liquid flavoring (11.65–15.75%) versus control (27.01%). Nicotine also decreased phagocytosis (15.26%). E‐liquid, nicotine, and E‐liquid+ nicotine reduced phagocytic recognition molecules; SR‐A1 and TLR‐2. IL‐8 secretion increased with flavor and nicotine, while TNF α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, and MCP‐1 decreased after exposure to most flavors and nicotine. PG, VG, or PG:VG mix also induced a decrease in MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β. We conclude that E‐cigarettes can cause macrophage phagocytic dysfunction, expression of phagocytic recognition receptors and cytokine secretion pathways. As such, E‐cigarettes should be treated with caution by users, especially those who are nonsmokers. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5582261/ /pubmed/28867672 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13370 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Ween, Miranda P.
Whittall, Jonathan J.
Hamon, Rhys
Reynolds, Paul N.
Hodge, Sandra J.
Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
title Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
title_full Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
title_fullStr Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
title_short Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
title_sort phagocytosis and inflammation: exploring the effects of the components of e‐cigarette vapor on macrophages
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5582261/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28867672
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13370
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