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Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review

Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a complication that can occur during exercise with the possibility of misdiagnosis and can quickly become life threatening; however, medical literature infrequently describes SIPE. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyse all individual cases diagno...

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Autores principales: Grünig, Hannes, Nikolaidis, Pantelis T., Moon, Richard E., Knechtle, Beat
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5583207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28912730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00652
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author Grünig, Hannes
Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.
Moon, Richard E.
Knechtle, Beat
author_facet Grünig, Hannes
Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.
Moon, Richard E.
Knechtle, Beat
author_sort Grünig, Hannes
collection PubMed
description Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a complication that can occur during exercise with the possibility of misdiagnosis and can quickly become life threatening; however, medical literature infrequently describes SIPE. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyse all individual cases diagnosed with SIPE as reported in scientific sources, with an emphasis on the diagnostic pathways and the key facts resulting in its diagnosis. Due to a multifactorial and complicated pathophysiology, the diagnosis could be difficult. Based on the actual literature, we try to point out important findings regarding history, conditions, clinical findings, and diagnostic testing helping to confirm the diagnosis of SIPE. Thirty-eight cases from seventeen articles reporting the diagnosis of SIPE were selected. We found remarkable differences in the individual described diagnostic pathways. A total of 100% of the cases suffered from an acute onset of breathing problems, occasionally accompanied by hemoptysis. A total of 73% showed initial hypoxemia. In most of the cases (89%), an initial chest X-Ray or chest CT was available, of which one-third (71%) showed radiological signs of pulmonary edema. The majority of the cases (82%) experienced a rapid resolution of symptoms within 48 h, the diagnostic hallmark of SIPE. Due to a foreseeable increase in participation in swimming competitions and endurance competitions with a swimming component, diagnosis of SIPE will be important, especially for medical teams caring for these athletes.
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spelling pubmed-55832072017-09-14 Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review Grünig, Hannes Nikolaidis, Pantelis T. Moon, Richard E. Knechtle, Beat Front Physiol Physiology Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a complication that can occur during exercise with the possibility of misdiagnosis and can quickly become life threatening; however, medical literature infrequently describes SIPE. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyse all individual cases diagnosed with SIPE as reported in scientific sources, with an emphasis on the diagnostic pathways and the key facts resulting in its diagnosis. Due to a multifactorial and complicated pathophysiology, the diagnosis could be difficult. Based on the actual literature, we try to point out important findings regarding history, conditions, clinical findings, and diagnostic testing helping to confirm the diagnosis of SIPE. Thirty-eight cases from seventeen articles reporting the diagnosis of SIPE were selected. We found remarkable differences in the individual described diagnostic pathways. A total of 100% of the cases suffered from an acute onset of breathing problems, occasionally accompanied by hemoptysis. A total of 73% showed initial hypoxemia. In most of the cases (89%), an initial chest X-Ray or chest CT was available, of which one-third (71%) showed radiological signs of pulmonary edema. The majority of the cases (82%) experienced a rapid resolution of symptoms within 48 h, the diagnostic hallmark of SIPE. Due to a foreseeable increase in participation in swimming competitions and endurance competitions with a swimming component, diagnosis of SIPE will be important, especially for medical teams caring for these athletes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5583207/ /pubmed/28912730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00652 Text en Copyright © 2017 Grünig, Nikolaidis, Moon and Knechtle. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Grünig, Hannes
Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.
Moon, Richard E.
Knechtle, Beat
Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review
title Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review
title_full Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review
title_fullStr Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review
title_short Diagnosis of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema—A Review
title_sort diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema—a review
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5583207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28912730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00652
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