The aetiopathologies of Ménière's disease: a contemporary review

Ménière's disease, a condition first described in the 1800's, has been an advancing area of clinical interest and scientific research in recent decades. Guidelines published by the American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery remained nearly static for almost 20 years, although we have certainly expanded our knowledge of the aetiology of the disease since that time. This review of the literature highlights the breadth and detail of the current theories in understanding the pathophysiology of this enigmatic disease. Histopathological specimens providing evidence of many of the aetiologies are presented as well. We aim to provide a centralised and updated resource regarding current and emerging theories for Ménière's disease.