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Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility

Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is uniquely responsible for cell contractility and thus defines multiple aspects of cell behavior. To generate contraction, NMII molecules polymerize into bipolar minifilaments. Different NMII paralogs are often coexpressed in cells and can copolymerize, suggesting that th...

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Autores principales: Shutova, Maria S., Asokan, Sreeja B., Talwar, Shefali, Assoian, Richard K., Bear, James E., Svitkina, Tatyana M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Rockefeller University Press 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28701425
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201705167
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author Shutova, Maria S.
Asokan, Sreeja B.
Talwar, Shefali
Assoian, Richard K.
Bear, James E.
Svitkina, Tatyana M.
author_facet Shutova, Maria S.
Asokan, Sreeja B.
Talwar, Shefali
Assoian, Richard K.
Bear, James E.
Svitkina, Tatyana M.
author_sort Shutova, Maria S.
collection PubMed
description Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is uniquely responsible for cell contractility and thus defines multiple aspects of cell behavior. To generate contraction, NMII molecules polymerize into bipolar minifilaments. Different NMII paralogs are often coexpressed in cells and can copolymerize, suggesting that they may cooperate to facilitate cell motility. However, whether such cooperation exists and how it may work remain unknown. We show that copolymerization of NMIIA and NMIIB followed by their differential turnover leads to self-sorting of NMIIA and NMIIB along the front–rear axis, thus producing a polarized actin–NMII cytoskeleton. Stress fibers newly formed near the leading edge are enriched in NMIIA, but over time, they become progressively enriched with NMIIB because of faster NMIIA turnover. In combination with retrograde flow, this process results in posterior accumulation of more stable NMIIB-rich stress fibers, thus strengthening cell polarity. By copolymerizing with NMIIB, NMIIA accelerates the intrinsically slow NMIIB dynamics, thus increasing cell motility and traction and enabling chemotaxis.
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spelling pubmed-55841862018-03-04 Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility Shutova, Maria S. Asokan, Sreeja B. Talwar, Shefali Assoian, Richard K. Bear, James E. Svitkina, Tatyana M. J Cell Biol Research Articles Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is uniquely responsible for cell contractility and thus defines multiple aspects of cell behavior. To generate contraction, NMII molecules polymerize into bipolar minifilaments. Different NMII paralogs are often coexpressed in cells and can copolymerize, suggesting that they may cooperate to facilitate cell motility. However, whether such cooperation exists and how it may work remain unknown. We show that copolymerization of NMIIA and NMIIB followed by their differential turnover leads to self-sorting of NMIIA and NMIIB along the front–rear axis, thus producing a polarized actin–NMII cytoskeleton. Stress fibers newly formed near the leading edge are enriched in NMIIA, but over time, they become progressively enriched with NMIIB because of faster NMIIA turnover. In combination with retrograde flow, this process results in posterior accumulation of more stable NMIIB-rich stress fibers, thus strengthening cell polarity. By copolymerizing with NMIIB, NMIIA accelerates the intrinsically slow NMIIB dynamics, thus increasing cell motility and traction and enabling chemotaxis. The Rockefeller University Press 2017-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5584186/ /pubmed/28701425 http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201705167 Text en © 2017 Shutova et al. http://www.rupress.org/terms/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Articles
Shutova, Maria S.
Asokan, Sreeja B.
Talwar, Shefali
Assoian, Richard K.
Bear, James E.
Svitkina, Tatyana M.
Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
title Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
title_full Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
title_fullStr Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
title_full_unstemmed Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
title_short Self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins IIA and IIB polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
title_sort self-sorting of nonmuscle myosins iia and iib polarizes the cytoskeleton and modulates cell motility
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28701425
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201705167
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