Cargando…
Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration
Current projections are that by 2050 the numbers of people aged 65 and older with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US may increase threefold while dementia is projected to double every 20 years reaching ~115 million by 2050. AD is clinically characterized by progressive dementia and neuropatholo...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28890893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1549194 |
_version_ | 1783261467308457984 |
---|---|
author | Festoff, Barry W. Sajja, Ravi K. Cucullo, Luca |
author_facet | Festoff, Barry W. Sajja, Ravi K. Cucullo, Luca |
author_sort | Festoff, Barry W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Current projections are that by 2050 the numbers of people aged 65 and older with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US may increase threefold while dementia is projected to double every 20 years reaching ~115 million by 2050. AD is clinically characterized by progressive dementia and neuropathologically by neuronal and synapse loss, accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific brain regions. The preclinical or presymptomatic stage of AD-related brain changes may begin over 20 years before symptoms occur, making development of noninvasive biomarkers essential. Distinct from neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, plasma or serum biomarkers can be analyzed to assess (i) the presence/absence of AD, (ii) the risk of developing AD, (iii) the progression of AD, or (iv) AD response to treatment. No unifying theory fully explains the neurodegenerative brain lesions but neuroinflammation (a lethal stressor for healthy neurons) is universally present. Current consensus is that the earlier the diagnosis, the better the chance to develop treatments that influence disease progression. In this article we provide a detailed review and analysis of the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as well as coagulation molecules in the onset and progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5584365 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55843652017-09-10 Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration Festoff, Barry W. Sajja, Ravi K. Cucullo, Luca Biomed Res Int Review Article Current projections are that by 2050 the numbers of people aged 65 and older with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US may increase threefold while dementia is projected to double every 20 years reaching ~115 million by 2050. AD is clinically characterized by progressive dementia and neuropathologically by neuronal and synapse loss, accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific brain regions. The preclinical or presymptomatic stage of AD-related brain changes may begin over 20 years before symptoms occur, making development of noninvasive biomarkers essential. Distinct from neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, plasma or serum biomarkers can be analyzed to assess (i) the presence/absence of AD, (ii) the risk of developing AD, (iii) the progression of AD, or (iv) AD response to treatment. No unifying theory fully explains the neurodegenerative brain lesions but neuroinflammation (a lethal stressor for healthy neurons) is universally present. Current consensus is that the earlier the diagnosis, the better the chance to develop treatments that influence disease progression. In this article we provide a detailed review and analysis of the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as well as coagulation molecules in the onset and progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. Hindawi 2017 2017-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5584365/ /pubmed/28890893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1549194 Text en Copyright © 2017 Barry W. Festoff et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Festoff, Barry W. Sajja, Ravi K. Cucullo, Luca Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration |
title | Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration |
title_full | Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration |
title_fullStr | Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration |
title_full_unstemmed | Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration |
title_short | Proximate Mediators of Microvascular Dysfunction at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Neuroinflammatory Pathways to Neurodegeneration |
title_sort | proximate mediators of microvascular dysfunction at the blood-brain barrier: neuroinflammatory pathways to neurodegeneration |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28890893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1549194 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT festoffbarryw proximatemediatorsofmicrovasculardysfunctionatthebloodbrainbarrierneuroinflammatorypathwaystoneurodegeneration AT sajjaravik proximatemediatorsofmicrovasculardysfunctionatthebloodbrainbarrierneuroinflammatorypathwaystoneurodegeneration AT cuculloluca proximatemediatorsofmicrovasculardysfunctionatthebloodbrainbarrierneuroinflammatorypathwaystoneurodegeneration |