Detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer: role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and conventional imaging with computed tomography scans

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and conventional imaging tests for the detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 81 patients with breast cancer who had undergone (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT before treatment. Conventional imaging included the following: bone scintigraphy; chest X-ray (in 14.5%) or CT (in 85.5%); and abdominal ultrasound (in 10.8%), CT (in 87.8%), or magnetic resonance imaging (in 1.4%). Histopathology and clinical/imaging follow-up served as reference. RESULTS: Distant metastases were observed in nine patients (11.1%). On patient-based analysis, conventional imaging identified distant metastases in all 9 patients. In one patient, the initial (18)F-FDG PET/CT failed to demonstrate bone metastases that was evident on bone scintigraphy. In two patients, the CT scan failed to show extra-axillary lymph node metastases that were identified on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. There was no significant difference between (18)F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging in terms of their sensitivity for the detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. CONCLUSION: This study showed that (18)F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging with CT scans had similar sensitivity for the diagnosis of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. (18)F-FDG PET/CT can add information about extra-axillary lymph node involvements.