Epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung cancer in Down syndrome: a case presentation and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Solid tumors have a markedly decreased incidence in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), including lung cancers. METHODS: The clinical presentation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in DS was reported and literature on the subject reviewed. RESULTS: In individuals with DS, the risk of lung cancer appears markedly lower. EGFR mutation and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistance also exist in DS with lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider EGFR mutation and EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer patients with DS.