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Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste

Obtaining functionalized carbonaceous materials, with well-developed pores and doped heteroatoms, from waste precursors using environmentally friendly processes has always been of great interest. Herein, a simple template-free approach is devised to obtain porous and heteroatom-doped carbon, by usin...

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Autores principales: Razmjooei, Fatemeh, Singh, Kiranpal, Kang, Tong Hyun, Chaudhari, Nitin, Yuan, Jinliang, Yu, Jong-Sung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5589805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28883659
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11229-6
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author Razmjooei, Fatemeh
Singh, Kiranpal
Kang, Tong Hyun
Chaudhari, Nitin
Yuan, Jinliang
Yu, Jong-Sung
author_facet Razmjooei, Fatemeh
Singh, Kiranpal
Kang, Tong Hyun
Chaudhari, Nitin
Yuan, Jinliang
Yu, Jong-Sung
author_sort Razmjooei, Fatemeh
collection PubMed
description Obtaining functionalized carbonaceous materials, with well-developed pores and doped heteroatoms, from waste precursors using environmentally friendly processes has always been of great interest. Herein, a simple template-free approach is devised to obtain porous and heteroatom-doped carbon, by using the most abundant human waste, “urine”. Removal of inherent mineral salts from the urine carbon (URC) makes it to possess large quantity of pores. Synergetic effect of the heteroatom doping and surface properties of the URC is exploited by carrying out energy storage application for the first time. Suitable heteroatom content and porous structure can enhance the pseudo-capacitance and electric double layer capacitance, eventually generating superior capacitance from the URC. The optimal carbon electrode obtained particularly at 900 °C (URC-900) possesses high BET surface area (1040.5 m(2)g(−1)), good conductivity, and efficient heteroatom doping of N, S, and P, illustrating high specific capacitance of 166 Fg(−1) at 0.5 Ag(−1) for three-electrode system in inorganic electrolyte. Moreover, the URC-900 delivers outstanding cycling stability with only 1.7% capacitance decay over 5,000 cycles at 5 Ag(−1). Present work suggests an economical approach based on easily available raw waste material, which can be utilized for large-scale production of new age multi-functional carbon nanomaterials for various energy applications.
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spelling pubmed-55898052017-09-13 Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste Razmjooei, Fatemeh Singh, Kiranpal Kang, Tong Hyun Chaudhari, Nitin Yuan, Jinliang Yu, Jong-Sung Sci Rep Article Obtaining functionalized carbonaceous materials, with well-developed pores and doped heteroatoms, from waste precursors using environmentally friendly processes has always been of great interest. Herein, a simple template-free approach is devised to obtain porous and heteroatom-doped carbon, by using the most abundant human waste, “urine”. Removal of inherent mineral salts from the urine carbon (URC) makes it to possess large quantity of pores. Synergetic effect of the heteroatom doping and surface properties of the URC is exploited by carrying out energy storage application for the first time. Suitable heteroatom content and porous structure can enhance the pseudo-capacitance and electric double layer capacitance, eventually generating superior capacitance from the URC. The optimal carbon electrode obtained particularly at 900 °C (URC-900) possesses high BET surface area (1040.5 m(2)g(−1)), good conductivity, and efficient heteroatom doping of N, S, and P, illustrating high specific capacitance of 166 Fg(−1) at 0.5 Ag(−1) for three-electrode system in inorganic electrolyte. Moreover, the URC-900 delivers outstanding cycling stability with only 1.7% capacitance decay over 5,000 cycles at 5 Ag(−1). Present work suggests an economical approach based on easily available raw waste material, which can be utilized for large-scale production of new age multi-functional carbon nanomaterials for various energy applications. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5589805/ /pubmed/28883659 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11229-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Razmjooei, Fatemeh
Singh, Kiranpal
Kang, Tong Hyun
Chaudhari, Nitin
Yuan, Jinliang
Yu, Jong-Sung
Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste
title Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste
title_full Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste
title_fullStr Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste
title_full_unstemmed Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste
title_short Urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: A value added journey for human waste
title_sort urine to highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitor: a value added journey for human waste
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5589805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28883659
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11229-6
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