Cargando…
Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira for which rats are considered as the main reservoir. Disease incidence is higher in tropical countries, especially in insular ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine the current burden of leptospirosis in Seychell...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5591009/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005831 |
_version_ | 1783262633201238016 |
---|---|
author | Biscornet, Leon Dellagi, Koussay Pagès, Frédéric Bibi, Jastin de Comarmond, Jeanine Mélade, Julien Govinden, Graham Tirant, Maria Gomard, Yann Guernier, Vanina Lagadec, Erwan Mélanie, Jimmy Rocamora, Gérard Le Minter, Gildas Jaubert, Julien Mavingui, Patrick Tortosa, Pablo |
author_facet | Biscornet, Leon Dellagi, Koussay Pagès, Frédéric Bibi, Jastin de Comarmond, Jeanine Mélade, Julien Govinden, Graham Tirant, Maria Gomard, Yann Guernier, Vanina Lagadec, Erwan Mélanie, Jimmy Rocamora, Gérard Le Minter, Gildas Jaubert, Julien Mavingui, Patrick Tortosa, Pablo |
author_sort | Biscornet, Leon |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira for which rats are considered as the main reservoir. Disease incidence is higher in tropical countries, especially in insular ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine the current burden of leptospirosis in Seychelles, a country ranking first worldwide according to historical data, to establish epidemiological links between animal reservoirs and human disease, and to identify drivers of transmission. METHODS: A total of 223 patients with acute febrile symptoms of unknown origin were enrolled in a 12-months prospective study and tested for leptospirosis through real-time PCR, IgM ELISA and MAT. In addition, 739 rats trapped throughout the main island were investigated for Leptospira renal carriage. All molecularly confirmed positive samples were further genotyped. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients fulfilled the biological criteria of acute leptospirosis, corresponding to an annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7–71.8) per 100,000 inhabitants. Leptospira carriage in Rattus spp. was overall low (7.7%) but dramatically higher in Rattus norvegicus (52.9%) than in Rattus rattus (4.4%). Leptospira interrogans was the only detected species in both humans and rats, and was represented by three distinct Sequence Types (STs). Two were novel STs identified in two thirds of acute human cases while noteworthily absent from rats. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that human leptospirosis still represents a heavy disease burden in Seychelles. Genotype data suggests that rats are actually not the main reservoir for human disease. We highlight a rather limited efficacy of preventive measures so far implemented in Seychelles. This could result from ineffective control measures of excreting animal populations, possibly due to a misidentification of the main contaminating reservoir(s). Altogether, presented data stimulate the exploration of alternative reservoir animal hosts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5591009 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55910092017-09-15 Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir Biscornet, Leon Dellagi, Koussay Pagès, Frédéric Bibi, Jastin de Comarmond, Jeanine Mélade, Julien Govinden, Graham Tirant, Maria Gomard, Yann Guernier, Vanina Lagadec, Erwan Mélanie, Jimmy Rocamora, Gérard Le Minter, Gildas Jaubert, Julien Mavingui, Patrick Tortosa, Pablo PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira for which rats are considered as the main reservoir. Disease incidence is higher in tropical countries, especially in insular ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine the current burden of leptospirosis in Seychelles, a country ranking first worldwide according to historical data, to establish epidemiological links between animal reservoirs and human disease, and to identify drivers of transmission. METHODS: A total of 223 patients with acute febrile symptoms of unknown origin were enrolled in a 12-months prospective study and tested for leptospirosis through real-time PCR, IgM ELISA and MAT. In addition, 739 rats trapped throughout the main island were investigated for Leptospira renal carriage. All molecularly confirmed positive samples were further genotyped. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients fulfilled the biological criteria of acute leptospirosis, corresponding to an annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7–71.8) per 100,000 inhabitants. Leptospira carriage in Rattus spp. was overall low (7.7%) but dramatically higher in Rattus norvegicus (52.9%) than in Rattus rattus (4.4%). Leptospira interrogans was the only detected species in both humans and rats, and was represented by three distinct Sequence Types (STs). Two were novel STs identified in two thirds of acute human cases while noteworthily absent from rats. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that human leptospirosis still represents a heavy disease burden in Seychelles. Genotype data suggests that rats are actually not the main reservoir for human disease. We highlight a rather limited efficacy of preventive measures so far implemented in Seychelles. This could result from ineffective control measures of excreting animal populations, possibly due to a misidentification of the main contaminating reservoir(s). Altogether, presented data stimulate the exploration of alternative reservoir animal hosts. Public Library of Science 2017-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5591009/ /pubmed/28846678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005831 Text en © 2017 Biscornet et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Biscornet, Leon Dellagi, Koussay Pagès, Frédéric Bibi, Jastin de Comarmond, Jeanine Mélade, Julien Govinden, Graham Tirant, Maria Gomard, Yann Guernier, Vanina Lagadec, Erwan Mélanie, Jimmy Rocamora, Gérard Le Minter, Gildas Jaubert, Julien Mavingui, Patrick Tortosa, Pablo Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
title | Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
title_full | Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
title_fullStr | Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
title_full_unstemmed | Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
title_short | Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
title_sort | human leptospirosis in seychelles: a prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5591009/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005831 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT biscornetleon humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT dellagikoussay humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT pagesfrederic humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT bibijastin humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT decomarmondjeanine humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT meladejulien humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT govindengraham humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT tirantmaria humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT gomardyann humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT guerniervanina humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT lagadecerwan humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT melaniejimmy humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT rocamoragerard humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT lemintergildas humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT jaubertjulien humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT mavinguipatrick humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir AT tortosapablo humanleptospirosisinseychellesaprospectivestudyconfirmstheheavyburdenofthediseasebutsuggeststhatratsarenotthemainreservoir |