Retinal complications associated with congenital optic disc anomalies determined by swept source optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography has evolved over the past 2 decades to be an important ancillary method to evaluate diseases of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The more recent development of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with a wavelength-tunable laser centered at 1050 nm and deeper imaging depth of 2.6 mm has enabled clinicians to evaluate congenital optic disc anomalies including optic disc pits, optic disc colobomas, and morning glory syndrome in more detail. The SS-OCT findings of the posterior precortical vitreous pocket, Cloquet's canal, lamina cribrosa that is torn from the peripapillary sclera, and the retrobulbar subarachnoid space immediately posterior to the highly reflective tissue lining the bottom of the excavation are presented. In addition, abnormal communications between the vitreous cavity and the subretinal and subarachnoid spaces in eyes with congenital optic disc anomalies are also reviewed. The retinal complications associated with congenital optic disc anomalies are treated by vitreous surgery, silicone oil tamponade, and peripapillary laser photocoagulation or scleral buckling. However, the surgical outcomes are limited and not entirely satisfactory. Analyses by SS-OCT of congenital optic disc anomalies should make the treatment correspond better with the pathological findings.