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Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil
BACKGROUND: Evergreen coniferous forests contain high stocks of organic matter. Significant carbon transformations occur in litter and soil of these ecosystems, making them important for the global carbon cycle. Due to seasonal allocation of photosynthates to roots, carbon availability changes seaso...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5604414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28923122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0340-0 |
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author | Žifčáková, Lucia Větrovský, Tomáš Lombard, Vincent Henrissat, Bernard Howe, Adina Baldrian, Petr |
author_facet | Žifčáková, Lucia Větrovský, Tomáš Lombard, Vincent Henrissat, Bernard Howe, Adina Baldrian, Petr |
author_sort | Žifčáková, Lucia |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Evergreen coniferous forests contain high stocks of organic matter. Significant carbon transformations occur in litter and soil of these ecosystems, making them important for the global carbon cycle. Due to seasonal allocation of photosynthates to roots, carbon availability changes seasonally in the topsoil. The aim of this paper was to describe the seasonal differences in C source utilization and the involvement of various members of soil microbiome in this process. RESULTS: Here, we show that microorganisms in topsoil encode a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases and auxiliary enzymes. While the transcription of genes encoding enzymes degrading reserve compounds, such as starch or trehalose, was high in soil in winter, summer was characterized by high transcription of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes produced mainly by fungi. Fungi strongly dominated the transcription in litter and an equal contribution of bacteria and fungi was found in soil. The turnover of fungal biomass appeared to be faster in summer than in winter, due to high activity of enzymes targeting its degradation, indicating fast growth in both litter and soil. In each enzyme family, hundreds to thousands of genes were typically transcribed simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal differences in the transcription of glycoside hydrolases and auxiliary enzyme genes are more pronounced in soil than in litter. Our results suggest that mainly fungi are involved in decomposition of recalcitrant biopolymers in summer, while bacteria replace them in this role in winter. Transcripts of genes encoding enzymes targeting plant biomass biopolymers, reserve compounds and fungal cell walls were especially abundant in the coniferous forest topsoil. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-017-0340-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5604414 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56044142017-09-21 Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil Žifčáková, Lucia Větrovský, Tomáš Lombard, Vincent Henrissat, Bernard Howe, Adina Baldrian, Petr Microbiome Research BACKGROUND: Evergreen coniferous forests contain high stocks of organic matter. Significant carbon transformations occur in litter and soil of these ecosystems, making them important for the global carbon cycle. Due to seasonal allocation of photosynthates to roots, carbon availability changes seasonally in the topsoil. The aim of this paper was to describe the seasonal differences in C source utilization and the involvement of various members of soil microbiome in this process. RESULTS: Here, we show that microorganisms in topsoil encode a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases and auxiliary enzymes. While the transcription of genes encoding enzymes degrading reserve compounds, such as starch or trehalose, was high in soil in winter, summer was characterized by high transcription of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes produced mainly by fungi. Fungi strongly dominated the transcription in litter and an equal contribution of bacteria and fungi was found in soil. The turnover of fungal biomass appeared to be faster in summer than in winter, due to high activity of enzymes targeting its degradation, indicating fast growth in both litter and soil. In each enzyme family, hundreds to thousands of genes were typically transcribed simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal differences in the transcription of glycoside hydrolases and auxiliary enzyme genes are more pronounced in soil than in litter. Our results suggest that mainly fungi are involved in decomposition of recalcitrant biopolymers in summer, while bacteria replace them in this role in winter. Transcripts of genes encoding enzymes targeting plant biomass biopolymers, reserve compounds and fungal cell walls were especially abundant in the coniferous forest topsoil. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-017-0340-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5604414/ /pubmed/28923122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0340-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Žifčáková, Lucia Větrovský, Tomáš Lombard, Vincent Henrissat, Bernard Howe, Adina Baldrian, Petr Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
title | Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
title_full | Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
title_fullStr | Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
title_full_unstemmed | Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
title_short | Feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
title_sort | feed in summer, rest in winter: microbial carbon utilization in forest topsoil |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5604414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28923122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0340-0 |
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