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How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer (BC) that does not express the oestrogen and the progesterone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). Since there are no positive markers to reliably classify TNBC, these tumours are not yet treated with...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5604720/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000208 |
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author | Saraiva, Diana P Guadalupe Cabral, M Jacinto, António Braga, Sofia |
author_facet | Saraiva, Diana P Guadalupe Cabral, M Jacinto, António Braga, Sofia |
author_sort | Saraiva, Diana P |
collection | PubMed |
description | Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer (BC) that does not express the oestrogen and the progesterone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). Since there are no positive markers to reliably classify TNBC, these tumours are not yet treated with targeted therapies. Perhaps for this reason they are the most aggressive form of breast carcinomas. However, the clinical observation that these patients do not carry a uniformly dismal prognosis, coupled with data coming from pathology and epidemiology, suggests that this negative definition is not capturing a single clinical entity, but several. We critically evaluate this evidence in this paper, reviewing clinical and epidemiological data and new studies that aim to subclassify TNBC. Moreover, evidence on the role of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on TNBC progression, response to chemotherapy and patient outcome have been published. The heterogeneity, observed even at TILs level, highlights the idea that TNBC is much more than a single disease with a unique treatment. The exploration of the immune environment present at the tumour site could indeed help in answering the question ‘How many diseases is TNBC’ and will help to define prognosis and eventually develop new therapies, by stimulating the immune effector cells or by inhibiting immunological repressor molecules. In this review, we focus on the prospect of the patient’s diverse immune signatures within the tumour as potential biomarkers and how they could be modulated to fight the disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5604720 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56047202017-10-10 How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment Saraiva, Diana P Guadalupe Cabral, M Jacinto, António Braga, Sofia ESMO Open Review Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer (BC) that does not express the oestrogen and the progesterone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). Since there are no positive markers to reliably classify TNBC, these tumours are not yet treated with targeted therapies. Perhaps for this reason they are the most aggressive form of breast carcinomas. However, the clinical observation that these patients do not carry a uniformly dismal prognosis, coupled with data coming from pathology and epidemiology, suggests that this negative definition is not capturing a single clinical entity, but several. We critically evaluate this evidence in this paper, reviewing clinical and epidemiological data and new studies that aim to subclassify TNBC. Moreover, evidence on the role of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on TNBC progression, response to chemotherapy and patient outcome have been published. The heterogeneity, observed even at TILs level, highlights the idea that TNBC is much more than a single disease with a unique treatment. The exploration of the immune environment present at the tumour site could indeed help in answering the question ‘How many diseases is TNBC’ and will help to define prognosis and eventually develop new therapies, by stimulating the immune effector cells or by inhibiting immunological repressor molecules. In this review, we focus on the prospect of the patient’s diverse immune signatures within the tumour as potential biomarkers and how they could be modulated to fight the disease. BMJ Publishing Group 2017-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5604720/ /pubmed/29018573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000208 Text en © European Society for Medical Oncology (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Saraiva, Diana P Guadalupe Cabral, M Jacinto, António Braga, Sofia How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
title | How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
title_full | How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
title_fullStr | How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
title_full_unstemmed | How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
title_short | How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
title_sort | how many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5604720/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000208 |
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