A genetically encoded tool for manipulation of NADP(+)/NADPH in living cells

NADH and NADPH are redox coenzymes broadly required for energy metabolism, biosynthesis and detoxification. Despite detailed knowledge of specific enzymes and pathways that utilize these coenzymes, a holistic understanding of the regulation and compartmentalization of NADH and NADPH-dependent pathways is lacking, in part because of a lack of tools with which to investigate them in living cells. We previously reported the use of the naturally occurring Lactobacillus brevis H(2)O-forming NADH oxidase (LbNOX) as a genetic tool for manipulation of the NAD(+)/NADH ratio in human cells. Here we present TPNOX (triphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase), a rationally designed and engineered mutant of LbNOX that is strictly specific towards NADPH. We characterize the effects of TPNOX expression on cellular metabolism and use it in combination with LbNOX to show how the redox states of mitochondrial NADPH and NADH pools are connected.