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Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases

Immune hemolytic anemia is characterized by clinical and laboratory features of hemolytic anemia with direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity. It could be autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), alloimmune, or drug-induced hemolysis based on the antigenic stimulus. Furthermore, based on thermal amplit...

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Autores principales: Rai, Preeti, Sharma, Geetika, Singh, Deeksha, Garg, Jyoti
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966502
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JLP.JLP_95_17
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author Rai, Preeti
Sharma, Geetika
Singh, Deeksha
Garg, Jyoti
author_facet Rai, Preeti
Sharma, Geetika
Singh, Deeksha
Garg, Jyoti
author_sort Rai, Preeti
collection PubMed
description Immune hemolytic anemia is characterized by clinical and laboratory features of hemolytic anemia with direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity. It could be autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), alloimmune, or drug-induced hemolysis based on the antigenic stimulus. Furthermore, based on thermal amplitude of autoantibody, AIHA is classified as warm (65%), cold (30%), and mixed (5%) type. Mixed AIHA is extremely rare in children and must be differentiated from warm AIHA with clinically insignificant cold agglutinins and cold hemagglutinin disease as their treatment is different. It may present as blood group discrepancy or cross-match incompatibility leading to delay in arranging suitable blood unit for transfusion. Therefore, a thorough immunohematology workup including monospecific DAT, indirect antiglobulin test at 4°C and 37°C, determination of thermal amplitude and titer is essential. We hereby present two pediatric cases of mixed AIHA presenting as ABO forward and reverse blood group discrepancy and cross-match incompatibility.
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spelling pubmed-56077692017-10-01 Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases Rai, Preeti Sharma, Geetika Singh, Deeksha Garg, Jyoti J Lab Physicians Case Report Immune hemolytic anemia is characterized by clinical and laboratory features of hemolytic anemia with direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity. It could be autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), alloimmune, or drug-induced hemolysis based on the antigenic stimulus. Furthermore, based on thermal amplitude of autoantibody, AIHA is classified as warm (65%), cold (30%), and mixed (5%) type. Mixed AIHA is extremely rare in children and must be differentiated from warm AIHA with clinically insignificant cold agglutinins and cold hemagglutinin disease as their treatment is different. It may present as blood group discrepancy or cross-match incompatibility leading to delay in arranging suitable blood unit for transfusion. Therefore, a thorough immunohematology workup including monospecific DAT, indirect antiglobulin test at 4°C and 37°C, determination of thermal amplitude and titer is essential. We hereby present two pediatric cases of mixed AIHA presenting as ABO forward and reverse blood group discrepancy and cross-match incompatibility. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5607769/ /pubmed/28966502 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JLP.JLP_95_17 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Journal of Laboratory Physicians http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Case Report
Rai, Preeti
Sharma, Geetika
Singh, Deeksha
Garg, Jyoti
Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases
title Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases
title_full Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases
title_fullStr Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases
title_full_unstemmed Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases
title_short Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases
title_sort rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: report of 2 cases
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966502
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JLP.JLP_95_17
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