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Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesi...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Zi-wei, Li, Ya-dan, Gao, Wei-wei, Chen, Jie-li, Yue, Shu-yuan, Zhang, Jian-ning
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966648
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.213553
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author Zhou, Zi-wei
Li, Ya-dan
Gao, Wei-wei
Chen, Jie-li
Yue, Shu-yuan
Zhang, Jian-ning
author_facet Zhou, Zi-wei
Li, Ya-dan
Gao, Wei-wei
Chen, Jie-li
Yue, Shu-yuan
Zhang, Jian-ning
author_sort Zhou, Zi-wei
collection PubMed
description A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesis that cold water swimming preconditioning improved the recovery of cognitive functions and explored the mechanisms. Results showed that after traumatic brain injury, pre-conditioned rats (cold water swimming for 3 minutes at 4°C) spent a significantly higher percent of times in the goal quadrant of cold water swim, and escape latencies were shorter than for non-pretreated rats. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was significantly higher in pre-conditioned rats than those without pretreatment at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Immunohistochemical staining and Von Willebrand factor staining demonstrated that the number of CD34(+) stem cells and new blood vessels in the injured hippocampus tissue increased significantly in pre-conditioned rats. These data suggest that pretreatment with cold water swimming could promote the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in the peripheral blood and hippocampus. It also ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by experimental traumatic brain injury.
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spelling pubmed-56078282017-09-29 Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury Zhou, Zi-wei Li, Ya-dan Gao, Wei-wei Chen, Jie-li Yue, Shu-yuan Zhang, Jian-ning Neural Regen Res Research Article A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesis that cold water swimming preconditioning improved the recovery of cognitive functions and explored the mechanisms. Results showed that after traumatic brain injury, pre-conditioned rats (cold water swimming for 3 minutes at 4°C) spent a significantly higher percent of times in the goal quadrant of cold water swim, and escape latencies were shorter than for non-pretreated rats. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was significantly higher in pre-conditioned rats than those without pretreatment at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Immunohistochemical staining and Von Willebrand factor staining demonstrated that the number of CD34(+) stem cells and new blood vessels in the injured hippocampus tissue increased significantly in pre-conditioned rats. These data suggest that pretreatment with cold water swimming could promote the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in the peripheral blood and hippocampus. It also ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by experimental traumatic brain injury. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5607828/ /pubmed/28966648 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.213553 Text en Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhou, Zi-wei
Li, Ya-dan
Gao, Wei-wei
Chen, Jie-li
Yue, Shu-yuan
Zhang, Jian-ning
Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
title Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
title_full Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
title_fullStr Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
title_full_unstemmed Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
title_short Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
title_sort cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966648
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.213553
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