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Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?

The driving force behind the current global type 2 diabetes epidemic is insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals. Dietary factors, physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviors are the major modifiable risk factors for obesity. Nevertheless, many overweight/obese people do not develop d...

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Autores principales: Mutie, Pascal M., Giordano, Giuseppe N., Franks, Paul W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5609030/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934987
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0938-x
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author Mutie, Pascal M.
Giordano, Giuseppe N.
Franks, Paul W.
author_facet Mutie, Pascal M.
Giordano, Giuseppe N.
Franks, Paul W.
author_sort Mutie, Pascal M.
collection PubMed
description The driving force behind the current global type 2 diabetes epidemic is insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals. Dietary factors, physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviors are the major modifiable risk factors for obesity. Nevertheless, many overweight/obese people do not develop diabetes and lifestyle interventions focused on weight loss and diabetes prevention are often ineffective. Traditionally, chronically elevated blood glucose concentrations have been the hallmark of diabetes; however, many individuals will either remain ‘prediabetic’ or regress to normoglycemia. Thus, there is a growing need for innovative strategies to tackle diabetes at scale. The emergence of biomarker technologies has allowed more targeted therapeutic strategies for diabetes prevention (precision medicine), though largely confined to pharmacotherapy. Unlike most drugs, lifestyle interventions often have systemic health-enhancing effects. Thus, the pursuance of lifestyle precision medicine in diabetes seems rational. Herein, we review the literature on lifestyle interventions and diabetes prevention, describing the biological systems that can be characterized at scale in human populations, linking them to lifestyle in diabetes, and consider some of the challenges impeding the clinical translation of lifestyle precision medicine. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0938-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-56090302017-09-25 Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention? Mutie, Pascal M. Giordano, Giuseppe N. Franks, Paul W. BMC Med Review The driving force behind the current global type 2 diabetes epidemic is insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals. Dietary factors, physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviors are the major modifiable risk factors for obesity. Nevertheless, many overweight/obese people do not develop diabetes and lifestyle interventions focused on weight loss and diabetes prevention are often ineffective. Traditionally, chronically elevated blood glucose concentrations have been the hallmark of diabetes; however, many individuals will either remain ‘prediabetic’ or regress to normoglycemia. Thus, there is a growing need for innovative strategies to tackle diabetes at scale. The emergence of biomarker technologies has allowed more targeted therapeutic strategies for diabetes prevention (precision medicine), though largely confined to pharmacotherapy. Unlike most drugs, lifestyle interventions often have systemic health-enhancing effects. Thus, the pursuance of lifestyle precision medicine in diabetes seems rational. Herein, we review the literature on lifestyle interventions and diabetes prevention, describing the biological systems that can be characterized at scale in human populations, linking them to lifestyle in diabetes, and consider some of the challenges impeding the clinical translation of lifestyle precision medicine. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0938-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5609030/ /pubmed/28934987 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0938-x Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Mutie, Pascal M.
Giordano, Giuseppe N.
Franks, Paul W.
Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
title Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
title_full Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
title_fullStr Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
title_full_unstemmed Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
title_short Lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
title_sort lifestyle precision medicine: the next generation in type 2 diabetes prevention?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5609030/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934987
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0938-x
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