Popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula after arthroscopic anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Vascular injuries are a well recognised but very rare complication of surgery or trauma around the knee, especially associated with arthroscopic anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This report describes a case of a Popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula after Arthroscopic anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. An 57-year-old male who complained of pain and swelling around the left lower extremity after the ACL and PCL reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft from the two limbs caused by bicycle accident. He was diagnosed with the popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula by the Doppler ultrasonographic examination and CTA, and transferred to the interventional radiology suite where a successful vascular stent implantation was made. There was no postoperative complication. DISCUSSION: The most important finding of the present case were a popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula after the ACL and PCL reconstruction. To our knowledge, very few cases reporting an arteriovenous fistula with popliteal pseudoaneurysm following arthroscopy have been described. Vascular injury is a very rare complication of knee surgery, but surgeons should always consider this possibility in patients who have undergone knee arthroscopy. If the patient has symptoms of pain in the popliteal area and unexplainable swelling following arthroscopic ACL and PCL reconstruction, a popliteal vascular injury should be suspected. CONCLUSIONS: In order to minimize the risk of vascular complications in ACL and PCL reconstructive surgery, we advise to look for less traumatizing instruments and to limit the amount of riskful actions, precise attention should be paid in the establishment of the tibial tunnels.