Prevalence and survival prognosis of prostate cancer in patients with end-stage renal disease: a retrospective study based on the Korea national database (2003–2010)

OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of prostate cancer (PC) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), determine the risk factors for overall survival (OS) and PC-specific survival (CSS), and evaluate differences in PC-related clinical therapeutic patterns between patients with and without PC-ESRD. METHODS: This observational population study, performed at the National Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute in Korea, included patients with PC and ESRD from the nationwide Korean Health Insurance System and Korean Central Cancer Registry data. Five-year overall and cancer-specific survival. A joinpoint regression analysis was performed to predict incidence and mortality of PC. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meir curves with log rank tests of patients with dialysis or transplantation. RESULTS: Of 3945 patients with PC-ESRD, 3.9% were on dialysis (N=152), 0.2% had kidney transplantation (N=10, D-TPL group); 3783 (95.9%) had neither dialysis nor transplantation (non-D-TPL ESRD group). There were 697 PC-specific deaths. The median respective OS, PC-specific survival, and 5-year survival rates in the non-ESRD, non-D-TPL ESRD, dialysis ESRD, and transplantation ESRD groups were significantly different (p<0.001). Presence of ESRD, age, body mass index, SEER stage, no treatment within 6 months after diagnosis, no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormonal therapy, non-adenocarcinoma pathology, and Charlson comorbidity index were independent risk factors for OS and CSS. CONCLUSIONS: With a 10.1% nationwide prevalence of PC-ESRD, the presence of ESRD was a significant survival factor along with other significant clinicopathological factors.