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Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years

Major progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology of bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the past 30 years. The overall infection rate in that period was 14.50% (5265/36316), with different prevalence being observed among dairy cattle, yaks, beef cattle, and buffalo. The infection rate d...

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Autores principales: Wang, Rongjun, Zhao, Guanghui, Gong, Yunya, Zhang, Longxian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5611413/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28979256
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01823
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author Wang, Rongjun
Zhao, Guanghui
Gong, Yunya
Zhang, Longxian
author_facet Wang, Rongjun
Zhao, Guanghui
Gong, Yunya
Zhang, Longxian
author_sort Wang, Rongjun
collection PubMed
description Major progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology of bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the past 30 years. The overall infection rate in that period was 14.50% (5265/36316), with different prevalence being observed among dairy cattle, yaks, beef cattle, and buffalo. The infection rate declined as the animals’ ages increased and the lowest prevalence occurred in winter. Ten Cryptosporidium species and two genotypes have been found in cattle, with Cryptosporidium parvum, C. andersoni, C. bovis, and C. ryanae being the commonest species. Cryptosporidium bovis rather than C. parvum predominated in preweaned dairy cattle, and C. parvum IIdA15G1 and IIdA19G1 were the only subtypes detected in dairy cattle. Two subtype families, IIa and IId, were found in yaks. Population genetic analysis detected an epidemic population structure in C. andersoni, which suggested that the prevalence of C. andersoni in China is not attributable to the introduction of dairy cattle. Moreover, C. parvum IId subtypes probably dispersed from western Asia to other geographic regions based on population genetic analysis of isolates from China, Sweden, and Egypt. Therefore, we hypothesize that Cryptosporidium was introduced into China in the past, and different populations formed progressively in various hosts in response to diverse factors, including the transmission dynamics, geographic isolation, host specificity, and large-scale farming. More epidemiological studies are required to test this hypothesis and to clarify the prevalence and transmission of Cryptosporidium species in China.
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spelling pubmed-56114132017-10-04 Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years Wang, Rongjun Zhao, Guanghui Gong, Yunya Zhang, Longxian Front Microbiol Microbiology Major progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology of bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the past 30 years. The overall infection rate in that period was 14.50% (5265/36316), with different prevalence being observed among dairy cattle, yaks, beef cattle, and buffalo. The infection rate declined as the animals’ ages increased and the lowest prevalence occurred in winter. Ten Cryptosporidium species and two genotypes have been found in cattle, with Cryptosporidium parvum, C. andersoni, C. bovis, and C. ryanae being the commonest species. Cryptosporidium bovis rather than C. parvum predominated in preweaned dairy cattle, and C. parvum IIdA15G1 and IIdA19G1 were the only subtypes detected in dairy cattle. Two subtype families, IIa and IId, were found in yaks. Population genetic analysis detected an epidemic population structure in C. andersoni, which suggested that the prevalence of C. andersoni in China is not attributable to the introduction of dairy cattle. Moreover, C. parvum IId subtypes probably dispersed from western Asia to other geographic regions based on population genetic analysis of isolates from China, Sweden, and Egypt. Therefore, we hypothesize that Cryptosporidium was introduced into China in the past, and different populations formed progressively in various hosts in response to diverse factors, including the transmission dynamics, geographic isolation, host specificity, and large-scale farming. More epidemiological studies are required to test this hypothesis and to clarify the prevalence and transmission of Cryptosporidium species in China. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5611413/ /pubmed/28979256 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01823 Text en Copyright © 2017 Wang, Zhao, Gong and Zhang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Wang, Rongjun
Zhao, Guanghui
Gong, Yunya
Zhang, Longxian
Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years
title Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years
title_full Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years
title_fullStr Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years
title_full_unstemmed Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years
title_short Advances and Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Bovine Cryptosporidium in China in the Past 30 Years
title_sort advances and perspectives on the epidemiology of bovine cryptosporidium in china in the past 30 years
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5611413/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28979256
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01823
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