Cargando…

Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913

Pseudoalteromonas is an important bacterial genus present in various marine habitats. Many strains of this genus are found to be surface colonizers on marine eukaryotes and produce a wide range of pigments. However, the exact physiological role and mechanism of pigmentation were less studied. Pseudo...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zeng, Zhenshun, Cai, Xingsheng, Wang, Pengxia, Guo, Yunxue, Liu, Xiaoxiao, Li, Baiyuan, Wang, Xiaoxue
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613676/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01822
_version_ 1783266305836580864
author Zeng, Zhenshun
Cai, Xingsheng
Wang, Pengxia
Guo, Yunxue
Liu, Xiaoxiao
Li, Baiyuan
Wang, Xiaoxue
author_facet Zeng, Zhenshun
Cai, Xingsheng
Wang, Pengxia
Guo, Yunxue
Liu, Xiaoxiao
Li, Baiyuan
Wang, Xiaoxue
author_sort Zeng, Zhenshun
collection PubMed
description Pseudoalteromonas is an important bacterial genus present in various marine habitats. Many strains of this genus are found to be surface colonizers on marine eukaryotes and produce a wide range of pigments. However, the exact physiological role and mechanism of pigmentation were less studied. Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913 (SM9913), an non-pigmented strain isolated from the deep-sea sediment, formed attached biofilm at the solid–liquid interface and pellicles at the liquid–air interface at a wide range of temperatures. Lower temperatures and lower nutrient levels promoted the formation of attached biofilm, while higher nutrient levels promoted pellicle formation of SM9913. Notably, after prolonged incubation at higher temperatures growing planktonically or at the later stage of the biofilm formation, we found that SM9913 released a brownish pigment. By comparing the protein profile at different temperatures followed by qRT-PCR, we found that the production of pigment at higher temperatures was due to the induction of melA gene which is responsible for the synthesis of homogentisic acid (HGA). The auto-oxidation of HGA can lead to the formation of pyomelanin, which has been shown in other bacteria. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis confirmed that the pigment produced in SM9913 was pyomelanin-like compound. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, during heat stress and during biofilm formation, the induction level of melA gene was significantly higher than that of the hmgA gene which is responsible for the degradation of HGA in the L-tyrosine catabolism pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the production of pyomelanin of SM9913 at elevated temperatures or during biofilm formation might be one of the adaptive responses of marine bacteria to environmental cues.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5613676
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-56136762017-10-05 Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913 Zeng, Zhenshun Cai, Xingsheng Wang, Pengxia Guo, Yunxue Liu, Xiaoxiao Li, Baiyuan Wang, Xiaoxue Front Microbiol Microbiology Pseudoalteromonas is an important bacterial genus present in various marine habitats. Many strains of this genus are found to be surface colonizers on marine eukaryotes and produce a wide range of pigments. However, the exact physiological role and mechanism of pigmentation were less studied. Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913 (SM9913), an non-pigmented strain isolated from the deep-sea sediment, formed attached biofilm at the solid–liquid interface and pellicles at the liquid–air interface at a wide range of temperatures. Lower temperatures and lower nutrient levels promoted the formation of attached biofilm, while higher nutrient levels promoted pellicle formation of SM9913. Notably, after prolonged incubation at higher temperatures growing planktonically or at the later stage of the biofilm formation, we found that SM9913 released a brownish pigment. By comparing the protein profile at different temperatures followed by qRT-PCR, we found that the production of pigment at higher temperatures was due to the induction of melA gene which is responsible for the synthesis of homogentisic acid (HGA). The auto-oxidation of HGA can lead to the formation of pyomelanin, which has been shown in other bacteria. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis confirmed that the pigment produced in SM9913 was pyomelanin-like compound. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, during heat stress and during biofilm formation, the induction level of melA gene was significantly higher than that of the hmgA gene which is responsible for the degradation of HGA in the L-tyrosine catabolism pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the production of pyomelanin of SM9913 at elevated temperatures or during biofilm formation might be one of the adaptive responses of marine bacteria to environmental cues. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5613676/ /pubmed/28983293 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01822 Text en Copyright © 2017 Zeng, Cai, Wang, Guo, Liu, Li and Wang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zeng, Zhenshun
Cai, Xingsheng
Wang, Pengxia
Guo, Yunxue
Liu, Xiaoxiao
Li, Baiyuan
Wang, Xiaoxue
Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913
title Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913
title_full Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913
title_fullStr Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913
title_full_unstemmed Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913
title_short Biofilm Formation and Heat Stress Induce Pyomelanin Production in Deep-Sea Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913
title_sort biofilm formation and heat stress induce pyomelanin production in deep-sea pseudoalteromonas sp. sm9913
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613676/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01822
work_keys_str_mv AT zengzhenshun biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913
AT caixingsheng biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913
AT wangpengxia biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913
AT guoyunxue biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913
AT liuxiaoxiao biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913
AT libaiyuan biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913
AT wangxiaoxue biofilmformationandheatstressinducepyomelaninproductionindeepseapseudoalteromonasspsm9913