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Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of community pharmacies, their staff, and practices toward dispensing antibiotics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, prospective. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Community pharmacies in two districts of central Nepal, from March 2016 to May 2016. METHODS: A systematic random sa...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183907 |
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author | Ansari, Mukhtar |
author_facet | Ansari, Mukhtar |
author_sort | Ansari, Mukhtar |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of community pharmacies, their staff, and practices toward dispensing antibiotics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, prospective. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Community pharmacies in two districts of central Nepal, from March 2016 to May 2016. METHODS: A systematic random sampling approach was adopted to sample 161 community pharmacies. Data on the registration status of pharmacies, qualification or training of dispensing staff, and the practice of dispensing antibiotics were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Face to face interviews were carried out by a previously trained interviewer. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. RESULTS: Among 161 community pharmacies, 25% were not registered and most of them were located in rural areas. It was typical (66.5%) to dispense antibiotics without prescription and most (91.4%) of the staffs involved in dispensing were non-pharmacists. Furthermore, the study revealed common practices of replacing one brand of antibiotic with other brands (66%), dispensing incomplete courses of antibiotics (73%), and not giving any advice regarding antibiotic use (39%) or completion of a full course of therapy (80%). There were significant (p < 0.001) relationships between the location of pharmacies (rural vs urban) and the qualifications of the pharmacy staff. CONCLUSION: Dispensing antibiotics without prescription and by non-pharmacists are common in this region. The study also found several issues regarding the irrational use of antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need to address these issues and promote the informed use of antibiotics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5614431 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56144312017-10-09 Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal Ansari, Mukhtar PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of community pharmacies, their staff, and practices toward dispensing antibiotics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, prospective. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Community pharmacies in two districts of central Nepal, from March 2016 to May 2016. METHODS: A systematic random sampling approach was adopted to sample 161 community pharmacies. Data on the registration status of pharmacies, qualification or training of dispensing staff, and the practice of dispensing antibiotics were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Face to face interviews were carried out by a previously trained interviewer. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. RESULTS: Among 161 community pharmacies, 25% were not registered and most of them were located in rural areas. It was typical (66.5%) to dispense antibiotics without prescription and most (91.4%) of the staffs involved in dispensing were non-pharmacists. Furthermore, the study revealed common practices of replacing one brand of antibiotic with other brands (66%), dispensing incomplete courses of antibiotics (73%), and not giving any advice regarding antibiotic use (39%) or completion of a full course of therapy (80%). There were significant (p < 0.001) relationships between the location of pharmacies (rural vs urban) and the qualifications of the pharmacy staff. CONCLUSION: Dispensing antibiotics without prescription and by non-pharmacists are common in this region. The study also found several issues regarding the irrational use of antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need to address these issues and promote the informed use of antibiotics. Public Library of Science 2017-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5614431/ /pubmed/28949990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183907 Text en © 2017 Mukhtar Ansari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ansari, Mukhtar Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal |
title | Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal |
title_full | Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal |
title_short | Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal |
title_sort | evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central nepal |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183907 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ansarimukhtar evaluationofcommunitypharmaciesregardingdispensingpracticesofantibioticsintwodistrictsofcentralnepal |