The genetics of multiple sclerosis in Latin America

BACKGROUND: In today’s globalised world, the heterogeneity of diseases such as multiple sclerosis has been studied since it has been suggested that ethnic differences, in conjunction with geographical and environmental factors, influence its incidence and prevalence. AIM: Based on this, an attempt has been made to identify the genetic factors that may confer risk or protection, not only for developing multiple sclerosis but also for determining the course of its evolution. RESULTS: In Latin America we have some data about this, which have been replicated in different populations in the entire region, with very different results compared with other regions, which could explain not only the different frequencies in some populations, such as Caucasians, but also the course of the disease and the response to actual treatments. However, in addition to these findings, other associated epigenetic mechanisms have also been found in our populations, such as levels of vitamin D, parasitic diseases, and indigenous populations. Therefore, the study of epigenetics plays a crucial role in understanding the physiopathology of multiple sclerosis. It must be studied in each population, especially in Latin America, due to its broad heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: It is very important to understand not only the genetic and external factors with these very specific effects in multiple sclerosis patients, but also the way they interact and are able to explain the frequency and some specific phenotypes of the disease in our populations besides the posibility to be a very specific treatment target.