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Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis

Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cells. It is a polysaccharide that binds growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, and thereby controls several important physiological functions. Ironically, many human pathogens including viruses interact with it for adherence to host ce...

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Autores principales: Thakkar, Neel, Yadavalli, Tejabhiram, Jaishankar, Dinesh, Shukla, Deepak
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28927006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6030043
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author Thakkar, Neel
Yadavalli, Tejabhiram
Jaishankar, Dinesh
Shukla, Deepak
author_facet Thakkar, Neel
Yadavalli, Tejabhiram
Jaishankar, Dinesh
Shukla, Deepak
author_sort Thakkar, Neel
collection PubMed
description Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cells. It is a polysaccharide that binds growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, and thereby controls several important physiological functions. Ironically, many human pathogens including viruses interact with it for adherence to host cells. HS functions can be regulated by selective modifications and/or selective cleavage of the sugar chains from the cell surface. In mammals, heparanase (HPSE) is the only known enzyme capable of regulating HS functions via a selective endoglycosidase activity that cleaves polymeric HS chains at internal sites. During homeostasis, HPSE expression and its endoglycosidase activity are tightly regulated; however, under stress conditions, including infection, its expression may be upregulated, which could contribute directly to the onset of several disease pathologies. Here we focus on viral infections exemplified by herpes simplex virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syncytial virus to summarize recent advances in understanding the highly significant, but emerging roles, of the enzyme HPSE in viral infection, spread and pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-56180002017-09-30 Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis Thakkar, Neel Yadavalli, Tejabhiram Jaishankar, Dinesh Shukla, Deepak Pathogens Review Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cells. It is a polysaccharide that binds growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, and thereby controls several important physiological functions. Ironically, many human pathogens including viruses interact with it for adherence to host cells. HS functions can be regulated by selective modifications and/or selective cleavage of the sugar chains from the cell surface. In mammals, heparanase (HPSE) is the only known enzyme capable of regulating HS functions via a selective endoglycosidase activity that cleaves polymeric HS chains at internal sites. During homeostasis, HPSE expression and its endoglycosidase activity are tightly regulated; however, under stress conditions, including infection, its expression may be upregulated, which could contribute directly to the onset of several disease pathologies. Here we focus on viral infections exemplified by herpes simplex virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syncytial virus to summarize recent advances in understanding the highly significant, but emerging roles, of the enzyme HPSE in viral infection, spread and pathogenesis. MDPI 2017-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5618000/ /pubmed/28927006 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6030043 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Thakkar, Neel
Yadavalli, Tejabhiram
Jaishankar, Dinesh
Shukla, Deepak
Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis
title Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis
title_full Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis
title_short Emerging Roles of Heparanase in Viral Pathogenesis
title_sort emerging roles of heparanase in viral pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28927006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6030043
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