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The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure

Factors controlling the community composition of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes include organic-C, mineral nutrients, predation, and viral lysis. Two mesocosm experiments, performed at an Arctic location and bottom-up manipulated with organic-C, had very different results in community composition...

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Autores principales: Sandaa, Ruth-Anne, Pree, Bernadette, Larsen, Aud, Våge, Selina, Töpper, Birte, Töpper, Joachim P., Thyrhaug, Runar, Thingstad, Tron Frede
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28832530
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9090238
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author Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
Pree, Bernadette
Larsen, Aud
Våge, Selina
Töpper, Birte
Töpper, Joachim P.
Thyrhaug, Runar
Thingstad, Tron Frede
author_facet Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
Pree, Bernadette
Larsen, Aud
Våge, Selina
Töpper, Birte
Töpper, Joachim P.
Thyrhaug, Runar
Thingstad, Tron Frede
author_sort Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
collection PubMed
description Factors controlling the community composition of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes include organic-C, mineral nutrients, predation, and viral lysis. Two mesocosm experiments, performed at an Arctic location and bottom-up manipulated with organic-C, had very different results in community composition for both prokaryotes and viruses. Previously, we showed how a simple mathematical model could reproduce food web level dynamics observed in these mesocosms, demonstrating strong top-down control through the predator chain from copepods via ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates. Here, we use a steady-state analysis to connect ciliate biomass to bacterial carbon demand. This gives a coupling of top-down and bottom-up factors whereby low initial densities of ciliates are associated with mineral nutrient-limited heterotrophic prokaryotes that do not respond to external supply of labile organic-C. In contrast, high initial densities of ciliates give carbon-limited growth and high responsiveness to organic-C. The differences observed in ciliate abundance, and in prokaryote abundance and community composition in the two experiments were in accordance with these predictions. Responsiveness in the viral community followed a pattern similar to that of prokaryotes. Our study provides a unique link between the structure of the predator chain in the microbial food web and viral abundance and diversity.
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spelling pubmed-56180042017-09-29 The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure Sandaa, Ruth-Anne Pree, Bernadette Larsen, Aud Våge, Selina Töpper, Birte Töpper, Joachim P. Thyrhaug, Runar Thingstad, Tron Frede Viruses Article Factors controlling the community composition of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes include organic-C, mineral nutrients, predation, and viral lysis. Two mesocosm experiments, performed at an Arctic location and bottom-up manipulated with organic-C, had very different results in community composition for both prokaryotes and viruses. Previously, we showed how a simple mathematical model could reproduce food web level dynamics observed in these mesocosms, demonstrating strong top-down control through the predator chain from copepods via ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates. Here, we use a steady-state analysis to connect ciliate biomass to bacterial carbon demand. This gives a coupling of top-down and bottom-up factors whereby low initial densities of ciliates are associated with mineral nutrient-limited heterotrophic prokaryotes that do not respond to external supply of labile organic-C. In contrast, high initial densities of ciliates give carbon-limited growth and high responsiveness to organic-C. The differences observed in ciliate abundance, and in prokaryote abundance and community composition in the two experiments were in accordance with these predictions. Responsiveness in the viral community followed a pattern similar to that of prokaryotes. Our study provides a unique link between the structure of the predator chain in the microbial food web and viral abundance and diversity. MDPI 2017-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5618004/ /pubmed/28832530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9090238 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
Pree, Bernadette
Larsen, Aud
Våge, Selina
Töpper, Birte
Töpper, Joachim P.
Thyrhaug, Runar
Thingstad, Tron Frede
The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure
title The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure
title_full The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure
title_fullStr The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure
title_full_unstemmed The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure
title_short The Response of Heterotrophic Prokaryote and Viral Communities to Labile Organic Carbon Inputs Is Controlled by the Predator Food Chain Structure
title_sort response of heterotrophic prokaryote and viral communities to labile organic carbon inputs is controlled by the predator food chain structure
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28832530
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9090238
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